Table 5.
Mediation of the Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Physical Activity Through Self-Efficacy, Intrinsic Motivation, Body-Related Motivation, and Social Motivation
| Point | Product of Coefficients | Bias-Corrected CI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimation | Standard Error | Z | Lower | Upper | |
| Direct effect (Model 1) | |||||
| SA→PA | −0.265 | 0.056 | −4.732*** | −0.496 | −0.218 |
| Indirect effect | |||||
| SA→SE→PA (Path 1) | −0.044 | 0.016 | −2.75** | −0.016 | −0.003 |
| SA→IM→PA (Path2) | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.636 | −0.003 | 0.007 |
| SA→SE→IM→PA (Path 3) | −0.051 | 0.014 | −3.642*** | −0.019 | −0.006 |
| Total indirect effect | |||||
| path1+path2+path3 | −0.088 | 0.023 | −3.826*** | −0.027 | −0.009 |
| Total effect | |||||
| SA→PA | −0.353 | 0.059 | −5.983*** | −0.112 | −0.062 |
| Difference | |||||
| path1-path3 | −0.006 | 0.021 | −0.285 | −0.005 | 0.014 |
| Ratio | |||||
| Path1/Total | 0.125 | 0.048 | 2.604** | 0.033 | 0.193 |
| Path3/Total | 0.143 | 0.042 | 3.404*** | 0.074 | 0.222 |
| Direct effect (Model 2) | |||||
| SA→PA | −0.265 | 0.057 | −4.649*** | −0.370 | −0.148 |
| Indirect effect | |||||
| SA→SE→PA (Path 1) | −0.077 | 0.019 | −4.052*** | −0.119 | −0.044 |
| SA→BRM→PA (Path2) | 0.007 | 0.006 | 1.166 | −0.001 | 0.021 |
| SA→SE→BRM→PA (Path 3) | −0.018 | 0.008 | −2.250* | −0.036 | −0.005 |
| Total indirect effect | |||||
| path1+path2+path3 | −0.088 | 0.021 | −4.190*** | −0.132 | −0.049 |
| Total effect | |||||
| SA→PA | −0.353 | 0.059 | −5.983*** | −0.466 | −0.236 |
| Difference | |||||
| path1−path3 | −0.058 | 0.021 | −2.761** | −0.107 | −0.025 |
| Ratio | |||||
| Path1/Total | 0.217 | 0.061 | 3.557*** | 0.126 | 0.368 |
| Path3/Total | 0.051 | 0.023 | 2.217* | 0.016 | 0.109 |
| Direct effect (Model 3) | |||||
| SA→PA | −0.273 | 0.058 | −4.706*** | −0.380 | −0.156 |
| Indirect effect | |||||
| SA→SE→PA (Path 1) | −0.086 | 0.021 | −4.095*** | −0.132 | −0.050 |
| SA→SM→PA (Path2) | 0.015 | 0.012 | 1.250 | −0.006 | 0.044 |
| SA→SE→SM→PA (Path 3) | −0.009 | 0.007 | −1.285 | −0.025 | 0.003 |
| Total indirect effect | |||||
| path1+path2+path3 | −0.079 | 0.024 | −3.451*** | −0.129 | −0.033 |
| Total effect | |||||
| SA→PA | −0.353 | 0.059 | −6.324*** | −0.466 | −0.235 |
| Ratio | |||||
| Path1/Total | 0.244 | 0.066 | 3.723*** | 0.144 | 0.405 |
Notes: The number of bootstrap samples was 5000. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. CIs (confidence intervals) not containing zero were considered significant at the 0.05 level.
Abbreviations: SA, smartphone addiction; IM, intrinsic motivation; BRM, body-related motivation; SM, social motivation; SE, physical activity self-efficacy; PA, physical activity.