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. 2022 Aug 8;28(4):789–812. doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0094

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© Kelsey E. Knewtson, et al., 2022; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License [CC-BY] (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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FIG. 3. — Summary of the effects of E2 on stem cells of the musculoskeletal system. The knee is used as a placeholder for other tissues due to the fact that it contains all tissue types of interest. Effects shown are the general trends for each cell type given the information presented in this review. Figure created using BioRender.com ASCs, adipose-derived stem cells; BM-MSCs, bone marrow-derived stromal cells; CPCs, chondrogenic progenitor cells; E2, 17β-estradiol; MDSCs, muscle-derived stem cells; PDLSCs, periodontal ligament stem cells; TDSCs, tendon-derived stem cells. Color images are available online.