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. 2022 Aug 8;28(4):891–911. doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0088

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

The tissue-level physiology of the human heart. The composition of the heart is varied based on position. (A) The heart has various subcomponents, including vasculature, the pericardium, neuronal innervation, and the endocardium. (C) Fibroblasts regulate the extracellular matrix of the heart, which is primarily composed of collagen I and III, elastin, and laminin. (B) The bulk of the heart is composed of the myocardium which by volume, is primarily composed of cardiomyocytes. The myocardium is heavily vascularized by capillaries, and other cell types are dispersed throughout. (D) The cell density of the human heart is highly variable, with neonatal human hearts having more than 10 times the cell density of mature hearts. Color images are available online.