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. 2022 Aug 16;11(11):598–621. doi: 10.1089/wound.2021.0065

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Epigenetic reprogramming of HSPCs that potentially dysregulate wound healing. Innate immune memory is provoked by both acute and chronic stimuli. Through these stimuli, HSPCs are “primed” by epigenetic reprogramming such as histone modification and DNA methylation. Histone methylation and acetylation are regulated by KDM family and HATs, respectively. DNMTs mediate DNA methylation by transferring a methyl group to DNA, while TDG plays essential roles in the demethylation process. When “primed” HSPCs are exposed to secondary stimuli, increased or tolerated response is induced, leading to dysregulated myelopoiesis and cytokine expression. DNMTs, DNA methyltransferases; HATs, histone acetyltransferases; KDM, histone lysine methyltransferase; TDG, thymine DNA glycosylase.