Table 2.
Demographics and biomarker concentrations of the plasma cohorts
| Plasma pilot cohort (MR and NTA t-tau) | Plasma pilot cohort (NTB and Quanterix t-tau) | Plasma clinical cohort | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | AD | P | Control | AD | P | Control | Aβ− MCI | Aβ+ MCI | AD | Non-AD dementia | P | |
| n | 20 | 20 | 22 | 22 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 19 | 3 | |||
| Age, years | 69.0 (59.5–77.0) | 76.0 (68.3–80.8) | 0.077 | 71.5 (64.8–75.0) | 79.0 (71.0–83.5) | 0.0015 | 67.0 (54.8–76.5) | 66.0 (59.5–77.0) | 67.5 (62.8–81.3) | 70.0 (65.0–75.0) | 71.0 (60.0–76.0) | 0.71 |
| Sex, F/M, n | 9/11 | 10/10 | >0.999 | 7/15 | 16/6 | 0.015 | 4/4 | 7/6 | 5/1 | 15/4 | 2/1 | 0.4 |
| MMSE | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 27.5 (26.3–30.0)* | 25.0 (24.0–27.0)* | 22.5 (21.8–26.3) | 19.0 (13.0–24.0) | 24.0 (17.0–28.0) | 0.0006 |
| CSF Aβ42, pg/ml | 966 (849) | 480 (434–498) | <0.0001 | 909 (793–1063) | 545 (479–596) | <0.0001 | 955 (788–1418)* | 1032 (617–1108)* | 468 (349–680) | 547 (450–630) | 1571 (730–1821)* | <0.0001 |
| CSF t-tau, pg/ml | 243 (216–278) | 915 (800–978) | <0.0001 | 324 (228–382) | 576 (460–978) | <0.0001 | 213 (165–265)* | 200 (149–306)* | 625 (471–803) | 888 (582–1268) | 580 (165–1811) | <0.0001 |
| CSF p-tau181, pg/ml | 42.5 (37.5–45.0) | 98.0 (79.5–114) | <0.0001 | 53.0 (41.8–60.3) | 80.0 (67.8–118) | <0.0001 | 30.4 (22.0–39.0)* | 27.0 (23.6–39.4)* | 94.0 (69.7–127) | 139 (99.8–204) | 49.6 (21.4–62.9) | <0.0001 |
| Plasma MR t-tau, pg/ml | 44.4 (27.8–64.8) | 65.0 (52.9–74.0) | 0.043 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Plasma NTA t-tau, pg/ml | 0.034 (0.022–0.053) | 0.10 (0.050–0.13) | 0.0056 | NA | NA | NA | 0.025 (0.019–0.081)* | 0.035 (0.023–0.074)* | 0.086 (0.034–0.13) | 0.14 (0.095–0.18) | 0.041 (0.039–0.074) | 0.0021 |
| Plasma NTB t-tau, pg/ml | NA | NA | NA | 116 (86.9–149) | 128 (292.7–167) | 0.477 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Plasma Quanterix t-tau, pg/ml | NA | NA | NA | 1.40 (0.83–1.98) | 1.10 (0.98–1.50) | 0.55 | 0.30 (0.18–0.32) | 0.27 (0.22–0.34) | 0.28 (0.19–0.41) | 0.38 (10.30–0.43) | 0.28 (0.19–0.38) | 0.11 |
Data are presented median (interquartile range). Differences between groups were tested with Mann–Whitney U-test (pilot cohort) and Kruskall Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison (clinical cohort) for continuous variables. Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables (sex). P-value presents the overall difference between groups. Significant differences in pairwise comparisons to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are indicated with an asterisk. Quanterix t-tau was measured with Tau 2.0 kit (pilot cohort) and Neurology 3-plex kit (clinical cohort), both assays targeting identical epitopes. Aβ− = amyloid negative; Aβ+ = amyloid positive; F = female; M = male.