FIG. 1.

Conceptual illustration of the gut-liver-axis (GLA)-MPS. (a) Photograph of the GLA-MPS with three sets of in vitro GLA and an integrated micropump. (b) Illustration of microfluidic flow channels for establishing GLA-MPS. Gut epithelial cells and liver hepatocytes are cultured in corresponding cell-culture chambers, applied optimal perfusion flow for each cell type, and interconnected by circulation flow. (c) Illustration of the GLA-MPS that comprises four PDMS layers and the bottom glass layer. (d) Schematic of the actuating micropump.