Table 2.

The differential parameters between patients with GC and healthy individuals.

No	Parameters	HC (mean ± SD)	GC (mean ± SD)	Statusa	Adjusted p-value
1	Asp	28.9299 ± 12.3803	44.2080 ± 31.3087	↑	< 0.0001
2	Arg	6.9661 ± 4.5362	19.7555 ± 19.3990	↑	< 0.0001
3	Gly	187.0274 ± 54.2258	255.2199 ± 112.4842	↑	< 0.0001
4	Ser	52.8482 ± 15.5849	67.8629 ± 29.7788	↑	< 0.0001
5	Orn	17.3904 ± 7.5393	53.694 ± 64.3894	↑	< 0.0001
6	C3DC	0.0681 ± 0.0462	0.1107 ± 0.0920	↑	< 0.0001
7	C4-OH	0.0620 ± 0.0338	0.1293 ± 0.1688	↑	< 0.0001
8	C18:1	0.5388 ± 0.2005	0.7210 ± 0.3814	↑	< 0.0001
9	Gly/Ala	1.1504 ± 0.5417	1.9130 ± 0.9737	↑	< 0.0001
10	Orn/Cit	0.7861 ± 0.4212	1.8922 ± 1.8845	↑	< 0.0001
11	C2/C0	0.3841 ± 0.1422	0.5307 ± 0.2511	↑	< 0.0001
12	C3DC/C10	0.5130 ± 0.4537	1.0268 ± 0.9963	↑	< 0.0001
13	C5/C3	0.0765 ± 0.0339	0.1235 ± 0.1010	↑	< 0.0001
14	C2	12.3469 ± 3.5780	15.4624 ± 8.7437	↑	0.0069
15	C5	0.1167 ± 0.0464	0.1480 ± 0.0884	↑	0.0354
16	Ala	182.8131 ± 58.0390	150.6334 ± 60.2686	↓	< 0.0001
17	Pro	492.3674 ± 166.7648	408.097 ± 231.8517	↓	< 0.0001
18	Cit/Arg	5.3826 ± 4.3734	2.8778 ± 2.9849	↓	< 0.0001
19	Met/Phe	0.4766 ± 0.1452	0.3931 ± 0.1275	↓	< 0.0001
20	Tyr/Cit	1.4338 ± 0.6711	1.0788 ± 0.5934	↓	< 0.0001
21	Val/Phe	3.7288 ± 0.9200	2.8610 ± 0.7869	↓	< 0.0001
22	C3/C2	0.1397 ± 0.0522	0.1088 ± 0.0529	↓	< 0.0001
23	C10:2	0.7606 ± 0.4541	0.5502 ± 0.3974	↓	< 0.0001

HC, healthy control; GC, gastric cancer; Asp, aspartic acid; Arg, arginine; Gly, glycine; Ser, serine; Orn, ornithine; C3DC, malonylcarnitine; C4-OH, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine; C18:1, octadecenoylcarnitine; Ala, alanine; Cit, citrulline; C2, acetylcarnitine; C0, free carnitine; C10, decanoylcarnitine; C5, isovalerylcarnitine; C3, propionylcarnitine; Pro, proline; Met, methionine; Phe, phenylalanine; Tyr, tyrosine; Val, valine; C10:2, decadienoylcarnitine.

^aDefined as the increased (upward arrow) or decreased (downward arrow) levels of metabolites in patients with GC compared to healthy individuals.