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. 2022 Apr 5;21(1):e123949. doi: 10.5812/ijpr.123949

Table 3. Mechanisms of Anti-inflammatory Action of the Medicinal Plants are Mentioned in this Review Article.

Genus Inhibited Inflammation Factors References
Symphytum COX-2, iNOS, NF-κB, NO, LOX (24)
Pulmonaria TNF-α, COX-2 (90)
Nonea COX-2, Complement (91)
Anchusa COX-2, LOX, Complement (92, 93)
Echium COX-2, iNOS, PGE2, NO, (94, 95)
Borage TNF-α, PGE2 (96, 97)
Lithospermum TNF-α, COX-2, NF-κB (88, 98)