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. 2022 Aug 29:1–14. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11334-022-00477-z

Table 3.

Comparison with other methods for pre-segmented Graffiti database

Paper Feature-type Features Classifier Accuracy
[28] Hand-crafted Longest common subsequence (LCS) HMM, CRF, Most probable LCS (MPLCS) 89.50%, 96.40%, 98.30%
[29] Hand-crafted Trajectory matching Max cosine similarity, fastNN 97.60%
[30] Both hand-crafted and deep features CRF-based temporal features CNN and CRF combined 98.40%
Our method Deep features Deep network, motion template Only 2D-CNN, only 3D-CNN, Late fusion 92.60%, 97.30%, 99.20%