Table 1.

Selection Criteria for Healthy and Elite Healthy Women Subgroups

Criteria	Healthy Women	Elite Healthy Women
Not pregnant	•	•
No urinary tract abnormalities	•	•
No bladder emptying problem as a result of nerve or muscle problem	•	•
No report of greater than minor bladder problem	•
No report of any bladder problem		•
No lower urinary tract symptoms in past 30 days with any symptom rated as a problem¹		•
No urinary incontinence (Sandvik score > 0)	•	•
No use of pads or previous urinary incontinence treatment		•
No bladder or urinary incontinence surgery		•
No use of lower urinary tract medications	•	•
No chronic pain of bladder origin, pelvic pain, or medication for pelvic pain		•
No interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome	•	•
No chronic catheter use	•	•
No recurrent urinary tract infections in past year		•
No gynecological condition, e.g., endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome		•
No gynecological surgeries, e.g., hysterectomy, pelvic organ prolapse repair, or cancer		•
No current treatment of cancer other than skin cancer		•
No progressive neurological disorder, e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, or other dementias		•
No stroke		•
No pulmonary disease, e.g., asthma, COPD		•
No heart failure		•
No irritable bowel syndrome		•
Not taking insulin or pills for blood sugar, blood pressure or fluid pills, or antidepressants		•
Reported “Good” to “Excellent” self-rated health		•
No reported health-related limitations in activity rated as “a lot”		•

Note. Based on items measured by the American Urological Association’s Symptom Index (e.g., incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining, and nocturia), Barry et al., 1992.