TABLE 1.

Studies on predictive values of TMAO for HF clinical outcomes.

Patients	Clinical outcomes	References
Acute HF patients (n = 972)	In-hospital mortality, all-cause mortality and rehospitalization	Suzuki et al., 2016
HFpEF patients (n = 146)	Cardiac-caused mortality and hospitalization	Kinugasa et al., 2021
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-related HF patients (n = 985)	Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including all-cause death, MI recurrence and rehospitalization	Li N. et al., 2022
Stable HF patients (n = 720)	Mortality	Tang et al., 2014
Chronic HF patients (n = 112)	Mortality and heart transplantation	Tang et al., 2015
New-onset or progressively worsening HF patients (n = 2234)	Mortality and rehospitalization	Suzuki et al., 2019