Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| HFpEF with CAD (n = 285) | HFpEF without CAD (n = 270) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 194 (68) | 137 (51) | <0.001 |
| Age (yrs) | 63 ± 11 | 62 ± 13 | 0.237 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.5 ± 3.5 | 25.2 ± 3.6 | 0.333 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 137 ± 20 | 131 ± 22 | 0.002 |
| Clinical symptoms | |||
| Dyspnea | 96 (34) | 127 (47) | 0.001 |
| NYHA II | 57 (20) | 64 (24) | |
| NYHA III | 29 (10) | 43 (16) | |
| NYHA IV | 10 (3.5) | 18 (6.7) | |
| Fatigue | 7 (2.5) | 17 (6.3) | 0.026 |
| Dizziness | 20 (7.0) | 23 (8.5) | 0.509 |
| Chest discomfort | 58 (20) | 92 (34) | <0.001 |
| Ankle edema | 17 (6.0) | 19 (7.0) | 0.608 |
| Medical history | |||
| Diabetes | 120 (42) | 98 (36) | 0.198 |
| Hypertension | 160 (56) | 131 (49) | 0.072 |
| Smoking ever | 67 (24) | 61 (23) | 0.381 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 19 (6.7) | 20 (7.4) | 0.733 |
| Dyslipidemia | 98 (34) | 85 (32) | 0.467 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 18 (6.3) | 33 (12) | 0.038 |
| Medications | |||
| ACE inhibitor | 64 (23) | 31 (12) | 0.001 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 93 (33) | 82 (30) | 0.567 |
| Beta blocker | 149 (52) | 87 (32) | <0.001 |
| Loop diuretics | 35 (12) | 40 (15) | 0.383 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 24 (8.4) | 25 (9.3) | 0.728 |
| Statin | 194 (68) | 89 (33) | <0.001 |
| Nitrate | 125 (44) | 30 (11) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 247 (87) | 102 (38) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulation | 13 (4.6) | 18 (6.7) | 0.280 |
| Laboratories | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.4 ± 1.9 | 13.2 ± 2.0 | 0.160 |
| Creatinine, g/dl | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 0.694 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 123 ± 46 | 123 ± 49 | 0.999 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 0.940 |
| CRP, mg/dl | 0.62 ± 1.52 | 0.93 ± 2.76 | 0.142 |
| NTproBNP, pg/ml (n = 174/172) | 193 (86–800) | 182 (62–729) | 0.214 |
| Troponin I, ng/ml (n = 186/160) | 0.032 (0.007–0.150) | 0.150 (0.018–0.150) | 0.470 |
| Stress test, total number/positive ischemia | |||
| Total (n = 274) | 157/122 (78) | 117/46 (39) | <0.001 |
| Treadmill test (n = 90) | 51/37 (73) | 39/17 (44) | 0.005 |
| Echocardiography (n = 64) | 26/12 (46) | 38/14 (37) | 0.456 |
| Nuclear (n = 102) | 79/72 (91) | 23/10 (44) | <0.001 |
| MRI (n = 18) | 1/1 (100) | 22/5 (29) | 0.146 |
| Invasive hemodynamics | |||
| LVEDP, mmHg | 20.5 ± 4.6 | 19.5 ± 4.5 | 0.009 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%) or median (interquartile range).
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; CAD, coronary artery disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NTproBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05 by Welch's t-test (continuous variables) or the Chi-square t-test (categorical variables). Bold formatting of values indicates the presence of statistical significance (P < 0.05).