TABLE 1.

Different health conditions of patients and their impacts on the statins’ cognitive effects.

Health conditions	The effect of statins on cognitive function	References
Hypertension	The use of pravastatin and rosuvastatin in combination with AHTs was effective at reducing the risk of dementia. But, long-term candesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide, rosuvastatin, or their combination showed no meaningful effect on cognitive function.	Bosch et al., 2019; Barthold et al., 2020
CVD	Statins can modify the risk of dementia by reducing vascular risk factors such as LDL-C levels, infarcts risk, white matter lesions, and cerebral microbleeds. The use of statins can lower dementia risk in older IHD patients.	Pal et al., 2018; Offer et al., 2019; Kim et al., 2020
Diabetes	The harmful effect of statins on cognitive aging related to T2D was small in comparison with the expected benefits on cerebrovascular events in the HPS assessment. Intensification of statin therapy increases the frequency association of T2D among patients with cognitive impairment.	Offer et al., 2019; Roy et al., 2020
WMH	Statin therapy was associated with a lower risk of WMH and cognitive impairment.	Zhang et al., 2019; Cheng et al., 2020
Periodontitis	The use of statins in individuals with periodontitis was associated with a reduced risk of dementia.	Lee C. Y. et al., 2020
Sepsis	Statin therapy resulted in an anti-inflammatory effect in the sepsis brain and reduced cognitive deficits.	Catalão et al., 2017; Tian et al., 2019; Tauber et al., 2020

AHT, anti-hypertensive treatment; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HPS, heart protection study; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; T2D, type 2 diabetes; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.