TABLE 2.

The statins lipophilicity and their effects on cognitive function.

Statins solubility	Statins type	Effects on cognitive function
Lipophilic	Atorvastatin	Significantly decreased dementia risk in patients with stroke (Pan et al., 2018). Major reduction in the dementia risk (Poly et al., 2020). Reduction of dementia risk only in men with IHD (Kim et al., 2020). Preclinical meta-analysis showed the maximum reduction of Aβ plaques (Rahman et al., 2020).
	Lovastatin (Fungal)	Not associated with reduced risk of dementia (Poly et al., 2020). Significant reduced risk of dementia in women with IHD (Kim et al., 2020). Preclinical meta-analysis failed to demonstrate any protection against Aβ plaque load (Rahman et al., 2020).
	Fluvastatin	Significantly decreased dementia risk in patients with stroke (Pan et al., 2018). Not associated with reduced risk of dementia (Poly et al., 2020).
	Simvastatin	Significantly decreased dementia risk in patients with stroke (Pan et al., 2018). Presented a higher AD risk (Sinyavskaya et al., 2018). Large reduction in dementia risk (Poly et al., 2020). No significant reduced risk of dementia in patients with IHD (Kim et al., 2020). Preclinical meta-analysis showed a reduction of Aβ plaques (Rahman et al., 2020). Long-term subcutaneous treatments of simvastatin damaged mouse hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and therefore, recognition, and spatial memory (Guo et al., 2021).
	Pitavastatin	Preclinical meta-analysis showed a reduction of Aβ plaque (Rahman et al., 2020).
Hydrophilic	Rosuvastatin	Significantly decreased dementia risk in patients with stroke (Pan et al., 2018). In combination with AHTs, reduced the risk of AD and related dementia (Barthold et al., 2020). Major reduction in dementia risk (Poly et al., 2020). Associated with the greatest (18%) protective effect on dementia risk in patients with IHD (Kim et al., 2020).
	Pravastatin (Fungal)	In combination with AHTs, reduced the risk of AD and related dementia relative (Barthold et al., 2020). Not associated with reduced risk of dementia (Poly et al., 2020). Reduction of dementia risk in patients with IHD (Kim et al., 2020).

Aβ, amyloid-β; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; AHT, anti-hypertensive treatment; IHD, ischemic heart disease.