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. 2022 Aug 15;13:961725. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.961725

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zhao, Zhang, Liu, Zhang and Tu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic of “all-in-one” nanosensitizer platform. An “all-in-one” nanosensitizer platform by incorporating Ce6 and HCQ into angiopep-2 peptide-modified liposomes (designated ACHL) for orthotopic glioma theranostics was designed. An initial ultrasonic pulse (US1) destroyed the microbubbles and promoted the ACHL into the reversibly opened BBB, while a second ultrasonic stimulus (US2) generated the SDT effects. SDT-mediated mitophagy and its inhibition by HCQ were evaluated, along with the anti-glioma effects. The MAPK/p38 signaling pathway contributed to the progression of mitophagy induced by nanoCe6-SDT.