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. 2022 Aug 15;13:961725. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.961725

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zhao, Zhang, Liu, Zhang and Tu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Engineering PpIX/3-MA@Lip nanosonosentizer for synergistic SDT nanotherapeutics and autophagy blockage on combating cancer. The synthetic procedure of PpIX/3-MA@Lip nanosonosensitizers and schematic illustration of “all-in-one” strategy for cellular mechanism on SDT-induced cytoprotective autophagy and autophagy inhibition-enhanced antitumor efficacy of SDT. Enhanced production of intracellular ROS radicals by PpIX sonosensitizers-based SDT induced cytoprotective pro-survival autophagy. The integrated 3-MA inhibited the formation of autophagosomes in early-phase autophagy to eliminate the recycling nutrients for fulfilling the needs of cancer-cell adaptation and growth, which significantly induced the cancer-cell apoptosis and death. Copyright 2021, Journal of Nanobiotechnology.