Fig. 5.

(a) Schematic of the synthesis of Ce6@MnO₂-PEG NPs; (b)Viable bacteria remained in the culture after APDT treatments; (c) Cell proliferation of S. aureus measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after treatments. Reprinted with permission [86], Copyright © 2020, John Wiley and Sons. (d) Schematic of UCNPs-PVP-RB synthesis and its APDT action; (e) SEM (top) and TEM (bottom) images of XDR-AB after APDT (0–120 min); (f) Cell membrane permeability; (g) Cell membrane integrity of XDR-AB after APDT. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87], Copyright © 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry.