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. 2022 Aug 29:1–8. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1038/s41372-022-01479-2

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 1 — Air pollution, which is interlinked with climate change, has health impacts that are important to neonatal-perinatal clinical specialists. The best-supported adverse health effects are listed here for individual life stages, while the gray bars indicate mechanisms of action, some of which are multi-temporal and span across multiple timeframes. The severity of health effects can be influenced by other social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic factors and race/ethnicity-related disparities.