. 2022 Aug 15;12:933824. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.933824

Table 2.

Important bioactive metabolites extracted from Withania somnifera may be used for the management of COVID-19.

S.No.	Phytochemicals	Pubchem Id	Binding energy (kcal/mol)	Molecular weight (g/mol)	Part of Plant used	Nature	References
1.	Tropine	449293	-2.54	141.21	Leaves	Methanolic	Chatterjee et al. (2010); Tomar et al. (2019)
2.	Mesoanaferine	443143	-3.42	224.34	Leaves	Methanolic	Cardenas et al. (2012); Kumar and Singh (2020)
3.	Choline	305		104.17	Leaves	Methanolic	Ahlawat et al. (2017)
4.	Withanolide D	23266147	-8.9	470.6	Leaves	Methanolic	Ben Bakrim et al., 2018
5.	Withanolide O	23266146	-7.8	454.6	Leaves	Methanolic	Khanal et al. (2020)
6.	Withanolide P	21679034	-7.7	468.6	Leaves	Methanolic	Khanal et al. (2020)
7.	Withanolide G	21679023	-9.00	470.6	Leaves	Alcoholic	Mousavi et al. (2021)
8.	Withanolide M	25090669	-9.1	652.8	Leaves	Alcoholic	Khanal et al. (2020)
9.	Withanolide F	44562999	-7.8	488.6	Leaves	Alcoholic	Khanal et al. (2020)
10.	Withanoside IV	71312551	-11.02	782.9	Leaves	Butanol	Ali et al. (2022)
11.	Withanoside VI	91827019	8.083	782.9	Leaves	Methanolic	Patel et al. (2021)
12.	Withaferin A	265237	-2.85	470.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Balkrishna et al. (2020); Kumar and Singh (2020); Mohan et al. (2016); Kumar et al. (2022); Pandit and Latha (2020)
13.	Withanolide D	118701104	-5.55	470.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Khanal et al. (2020)
14.	Withanolide A	11294368	-5.26	470.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kour et al. (2009); Soman et al. (2013); Pandit and Latha (2020)
15.	Withanone	21679027	-6.14	470.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Wadegaonkar and Wadegaonkar (2013); Dar et al. (2017); Kumar and Singh (2020); Balkrishna et al. (2020)
16.	27-hydroxy withanolide B	14236711	-5.23	454.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Turrini et al. (2016); Balkrishna et al. (2021)
17.	Pseudowithanine	10955717	-3.34	241.33	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Turrini et al. (2016); Balkrishna et al. (2021)
18.	Withasomniferol A	101710595	-3.35	486.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Singh et al. (2020)
19.	Withasomniferol B	101710596	-4.22	472.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Singh et al. (2020)
20.	Withasomniferol C	101710597	-4.88	470.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kandagalla et al. (2022)
21.	β-sitosterol	348285530	-5.44	414.71	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kandagalla et al. (2022)
22.	Withanolide	53477765	-5.26	470.6	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kalra and Kandimalla (2021)
23.	Withanosides II	101168811	-11.30	798.9	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kalra and Kandimalla (2021)
24.	Withanosides III	101168810		652.8	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Ali et al. (1997); Jayaprakasam et al. (2004); Kalra and Kandimalla (2021)
25.	Withanosides IV	71312551	-11.02	782.9	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kalra and Kandimalla (2021)
26.	Withanosides V	10700345	-8.96	766.9	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kalra and Kandimalla (2021)
27.	Withanosides VI	91827019		782.9	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kalra and Kandimalla (2021)
28.	Physagulin D	10100412	-4.48	620.8	Leaves and Roots	Methanolic	Kumar and Singh (2020)
29.	Withasomnilide	102066413	-4.98	470.6	Stem Bark	Ethanolic	Tong et al. (2011)
30.	Somniferanolide	102066415	-7.89	468.6	Stem Bark	Methanolic	Hasan et al, 2022; Ali et al, 1997
31.	Somniferine	14106343	9.62	608.7	Stem Bark	Methanolic	Hasan et al, 2022; Ali et al, 1997
32.	Withasomniferanolide	102066414	-3.53	470.6	Stem Bark	Methanolic	Kalra and Kandimalla (2021)
33.	Somniwithanolide	102066417	-5.42	486.6	Stem Bark	Methanolic	Prajapati et al. (2022)
34.	Withanolide	9469353	-5.81	370.4	Whole plant	Methanolic	Kirson et al. (1971); Kirson et al. (1971); Matsuda et al. (2001); Jayaprakasam and Nair (2003); Choudhary et al. (2010)
35.	Viscosalactone B	57403080	-11.1	488.6	Whole plant	Methanolic	Borse et al., 2020
36.	27-acetoxy -4β,6α –dihydroxy -5β-chloro -1-oxowitha -2,24-dienolide	21044792	-3.30	523.34	Aerial parts	Methanolic	Kuboyama et al. (2006); Tong et al. (2011); Seth et al. (2020)