TABLE 1.
Patient and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalised for COVID-19
| n# | All (n=492) | |
| Patient characteristic | ||
| Age years | 60.2±10.7 | |
| Sex, male | 335 (68.1) | |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 437 | 29.3±5.5 |
| Migration background | 491 | |
| European | 373 (76.0) | |
| Dutch Caribbean | 61 (12.4) | |
| Asian | 25 (5.1) | |
| Turkish | 18 (3.7) | |
| (North) African | 14 (2.9) | |
| Pre-COVID education | 489 | |
| Low | 166 (33.9) | |
| Middle | 172 (35.2) | |
| High | 151 (30.9) | |
| Pre-COVID employment | 490 | |
| Unemployed | 77 (15.7) | |
| Employed | 297 (60.6) | |
| Retired | 116 (23.7) | |
| Smoking status | 491 | |
| Never | 211 (43.0) | |
| Former | 270 (55.0) | |
| Current | 10 (2.0) | |
| Comorbidities | ||
| ≥1 | 403 (81.9) | |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30) | 190 (38.6) | |
| Diabetes | 95 (19.3) | |
| Cardiovascular disease/hypertension | 192 (39.0) | |
| Pulmonary disease | 119 (24.2) | |
| Renal disease | 46 (9.3) | |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 22 (4.5) | |
| Neuromuscular disease | 49 (10.0) | |
| Malignancy | 56 (11.4) | |
| Autoimmune/inflammatory disease | 54 (11.0) | |
| Mental disorder | 25 (5.1) | |
| In-hospital characteristics | ||
| PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 | 485 (98.6) | |
| Serology confirmed SARS-CoV-2 | 7 (1.4) | |
| Laboratory values | ||
| Creatinine µmol·L−1 | 471 | 82.0 (69.0–100.0) |
| (CKD-EPI) eGFR mL·min−1 | 456 | 82.0 (66.0–90.0) |
| CRP mg·L−1 | 467 | 85.0 (47.0–154.0) |
| Ferritin µg·L−1 | 284 | 832.5 (443.5–1613.3) |
| ALAT U·L−1 | 457 | 37.0 (26.0–56.0) |
| Haemoglobin mmol·L−1 | 468 | 8.6 (7.9–9.2) |
| MCV fL | 461 | 89.0 (85.0–91.0) |
| Thrombocytes, 10⁹/L | 463 | 211.0 (159.0–276.0) |
| Lymphocytes absolute count, 10⁹/L | 325 | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) |
| D-dimer mg·L−1 | 237 | 1.1 (0.6–380.0) |
| NT-proBNP pmol·mL−1 | 90 | 18.5 (8.8–48.0) |
| IL-6 pmol·mL−1 | 36 | 55.5 (28.0–179.0) |
| Chest radiograph abnormalities | 468 | |
| Normal | 59 (12.6) | |
| Moderate | 99 (21.2) | |
| Severe | 310 (66.2) | |
| Thrombosis | 484 | 79 (16.3) |
| Delirium | 477 | 121 (25.4) |
| Requiring oxygen supplementation | 492 | 474 (96.3) |
| Requiring high-flow nasal cannula | 462 | 150 (32.5) |
| ICU admission | 199 (40.4) | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 175 (35.6) | |
| Length of intubation days | 167 | 14.0 (8.0–27.0) |
| Tracheostomy | 482 | 64 (13.3) |
| Length of ICU stay days | 197 | 17.0 (9.0–30.5) |
| Length of hospital stay days | 11.0 (6.0–27.0) | |
| COVID-19 directed treatment | 466 | |
| None | 109 (23.4) | |
| (Hydroxy)chloroquine | 14 (3.0) | |
| Steroids | 330 (70.8) | |
| Antivirals | 69 (14.8) | |
| Anti-inflammatory (IL-6) treatment | 54 (11.6) | |
| Convalescent plasma | 8 (1.7) | |
| Monoclonal antibodies | 0 (0.0) | |
| Time interval between discharge and follow-up visit | ||
| 3-month visit, days | 385 | 94.7±22.8 |
| 6-month visit, days | 483 | 184.8±27.9 |
| 12-month visit, days | 271 | 368.3±17.3 |
Data are presented as n (%), mean±sd or, for non-normally distributed variables, median (interquartile range). BMI: body mass index; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; IL-6: interleukin-6; ICU: intensive care unit. #: adjusted n is presented for variables with a total number of patients <492.