TABLE 2.
Prevalence of COVID-19-related symptoms at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up in patients after hospitalisation for COVID-19
| 3 months (n=385) n (%) | 6 months (n=483) n (%) | 12 months (n=271) n (%) | p-value# | |
| Physical symptoms | ||||
| Muscle weakness | 220 (57.1) | 234 (48.4) | 111 (41.0) | <0.001 |
| Balance problems/dizziness | 169 (43.8) | 213 (44.4) | 116 (42.8) | 0.922 |
| Joint pain | 166 (43.2) | 201 (41.6) | 111 (41.0) | 0.352 |
| Tingling/numbness in extremities | 147 (36.8) | 163 (33.9) | 86 (32.1) | 0.291 |
| Hair loss | 138 (35.9) | 98 (20.3) | 35 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Headache# | 33 (31.4) | 57 (26.1) | 29 (18.6) | 0.579 |
| Chest pain# | 29 (29.0) | 40 (18.4) | 28 (17.8) | 0.069 |
| Skin rash | 99 (25.7) | 132 (27.4) | 82 (30.3) | 0.587 |
| Vision problems | 97 (25.2) | 148 (30.6) | 78 (28.8) | 0.023 |
| Hoarseness | 91 (23.6) | 125 (25.9) | 57 (21.0) | 0.088 |
| Anosmia | 84 (21.9) | 93 (19.3) | 53 (19.6) | 0.369 |
| Ageusia | 82 (21.2) | 94 (19.5) | 52 (19.2) | 0.185 |
| Stool problems | 68 (17.7) | 89 (18.5) | 41 (15.1) | 0.547 |
| Claudication | 54 (14.1) | 68 (14.1) | 27 (10.0) | 0.116 |
| Hearing problems | 52 (13.5) | 70 (14.5) | 53 (19.6) | 0.059 |
| Miction problems | 37 (9.7) | 58 (12.1) | 34 (12.5) | 0.269 |
| Respiratory symptoms | ||||
| Exertional dyspnoea | 315 (81.8) | 345 (71.4) | 171 (63.1) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnoea# | 78 (66.1) | 114 (51.8) | 83 (52.9) | 0.003 |
| Cough | 112 (29.0) | 119 (24.7) | 66 (24.4) | 0.329 |
| Phlegm | 98 (25.5) | 117 (24.2) | 67 (24.7) | 0.727 |
| Fatigue symptoms | ||||
| Fatigue | 243 (64.5) | 277 (63.1) | 156 (60.2) | 0.932 |
| Sleeping problems | 141 (36.5) | 172 (35.6) | 96 (35.4) | 0.777 |
| Cognitive symptoms | ||||
| Memory problems | 211 (54.7) | 271 (56.1) | 158 (58.3) | 0.144 |
| Concentration problems | 206 (53.4) | 249 (51.6) | 140 (51.7) | 0.826 |
| Sensory overload# | 44 (45.5) | 93 (43.9) | 58 (36.7) | 0.503 |
| Anxiety/nightmares | 56 (14.5) | 72 (14.9) | 40 (14.8) | 0.785 |
Data are presented as n (%) indicating the number of patients with symptoms. p-values are obtained from Generalised Estimating Equation analyses, with follow-up visit as fixed factor and symptom (yes/no) at each follow-up visit as dependent variable. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple testing; a p-value <0.002 was considered statistically significant (printed in bold). #: symptoms headache, chest pain, dyspnoea and sensory overload were added at a later stage, resulting in lower total numbers.