Table 1.
Detailed study overview considering factors of risk stratification
| Pat | Sex | Age | BMI | ASA | Smoking | Diabetes | Diagnosis | Surgery | Wound length | Contamination class | Clavien-Dindo | SSI according CDC day 7 | SSI according CDC day 30 | Post-op days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M | 79 | 23.1 | No | No | Carcinoma of ascending colon, liver metastases | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 9 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
|
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| 2 | F | 57 | 23.6 | Yes | No | Existing ileostomy | Reversal of ileostomy | 7 cm | II | None | None | None | 5 | |
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| 3 | M | 67 | 26.3 | III | Yes | No | Recurrence of epigastric incisional hernia | Open IPOM | 8 cm | None | None | None | 3 | |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| 4 | M | 44 | 26.1 | Yes | No | Sigmoid diverticulitis | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
|
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| 5 | M | 52 | 22.2 | No | No | Sigmoid diverticulitis | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| 6 | F | 70 | 33.3 | No | Yes Typ II |
Epigastric incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 18 cm | None | None | None | 11 | ||
|
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| 7 | F | 80 | 28.3 | No | No | Carcinoma of ascending colon | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 12 | |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| 8 | F | 66 | 26.7 | No | No | Insufficiency of pelvic floor | Laparoscopy-assisted, deep anterior rectal resection with rectopexy | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 9 | |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| 9 | M | 39 | 23.6 | No | No | Double colon carcinoma–left and right flexure | Laparoscopy-assisted subtotal colektomie | 8 cm | III | Grade II | None | None | 14 | |
|
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| 10 | F | 67 | 33.0 | Yes | No | Hernia of abdominal wall left upper abdomen | Open IPOM | 8 cm | None | None | None | 6 | ||
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| 11 | M | 44 | 30.8 | No | No | Sigmoid diverticulitis | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 9 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
|
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| 12 | F | 70 | 37.8 | III | No | Yes Typ II |
Sigmoid diverticulitis with stenosis | Laparoscopiy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 10 cm | III | None | None | None | 9 |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| 13 | M | 88 | 31.4 | III | No | Yes Typ II |
Carcinoma of colon transversum | Laparoscopy-assisted resection of transverse colon | 13 cm | III | None | None | None | 9 |
|
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| 14 | F | 83 | 21.8 | III | No | No | Sigmoid colon carcinoma | Open sigmoid resection | 28 cm | III | None | None | None | 19 |
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| 15 | F | 82 | 24.2 | No | Yes Typ II |
Carcinoma of ascending colon | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 8 cm | III | Grade IIIa |
None | None | 20 | |
|
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| 16 | F | 73 | 26.7 | No | No | Existing ileostomy | Reversal of ileostomy | 6 cm | II | None | None | None | 7 | |
|
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| 17 | F | 82 | 25.4 | III | No | Yes Typ II |
Rectal carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted deep rectal resection and ileostomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 13 |
|
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| 18 | M | 82 | 28.9 | III | No | Yes Typ II |
Epigastric incisional hernia | Open IPOM | 34 cm | None | None | None | 9 | |
|
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| 19 | M | 55 | 28.0 | No | No | Carcinoma of right colonic flexure | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 12 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
|
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| 20 | M | 87 | 26.8 | IV | Yes | Yes Typ II |
HGIEN of ascending colon | Open right hemicolectomy | 20 cm | III | Grade IIIa |
None | None | 11 |
|
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| 21 | F | 82 | 25.4 | III | No | Yes Typ II |
Existing ileostomy | Reversal of ileostomy | 7 cm | II | None | None | None | 7 |
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| 22 | F | 76 | 33.9 | III | No | No | Sigmoid colon carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted rectosigmoid resection | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 13 |
|
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| 23 | M | 71 | 27.5 | Yes | Yes Typ II |
Carcinoma of rectosigmoid | Laparoscopy-assisted rectosigmoid resection | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
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| 24 | M | 67 | 20.5 | III | No | No | Existing ileostomy | Reversal of ileostomy | 11 cm | II | None | None | None | 6 |
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| 25 | M | 55 | 23.5 | Yes | No | Epigastric incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 12 cm | None | None | None | 4 | ||
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| 26 | F | 72 | 25.4 | No | No | Carcinoma of ascending colon | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
|
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| 27 | F | 59 | 32.9 | Yes | No | Recurrence sigmoid diverticulitis | Laparoscopy-assisted left hemicolectomy | 12 cm | III | Grade IIIa |
None | None | 8 | |
|
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| 28 | F | 83 | 32.5 | No | No | Carcinoma of right colonic flexure | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 14 | |
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| 29 | M | 79 | 22.9 | II | Yes | No | Existing hartmann procedure | Hartmann reversal procedure | 14 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 |
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| 30 | M | 67 | 31.8 | No | No | Hepatic metastatic carcinoma of pancreatic head | Explorative laparotomy PE's liver metastases, cholecystektomy |
26 cm | II | None | None | None | 11 | |
|
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| 31 | M | 87 | 29.1 | III | No | No | Large, tubulovillous adenoma of the right colonic flexure | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 |
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| 32 | F | 60 | 35.3 | II | No | No | Supraumbilical incisional and umbilical hernia | Open IPOM | 8 cm | I | None | None | None | 7 |
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| 33 | F | 77 | 29.3 | III | No | No | Carcinoma of coecum | Open right hemicolectomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 9 |
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| 34 | F | 84 | 20.0 | III | No | No | Sigmoid diverticulitis with stenosis | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy and left adnexectomy | 8 cm | III | Grade IIIa |
None | None | 13 |
|
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| 35 | M | 76 | 28.3 | II | No | No | Epigastric and periumbilical incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 24 cm | I | None | None | None | 6 |
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| 36 | F | 77 | 28.7 | III | No | No | Carcinoma of coecum | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 12 |
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| 37 | M | 49 | 26.9 | II | Yes | No | Rectal carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted deep anterior rectal resection | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 6 |
|
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| 38 | F | 59 | 30.1 | II | No | No | Epigastric and periumbilical incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 18 cm | I | Grade II | None | None | 11 |
|
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| 39 | F | 68 | 35.0 | No | Yes Typ II |
Carcinoma of descending colon | Open left hemicolectomy | 30 cm | III | Grade IIIa |
Yes Grade 1 + histology Pyoderma gangraeno sum |
None | 20 | |
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| 40 | F | 80 | 22.4 | II | No | No | Existing hartmann procedure | Hartmann reversal procedure | 20 cm | III | None | None | None | 8 |
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| 41 | M | 65 | 30.4 | III | No | No | Recurrence of sigmoid diverticulitis | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 10 |
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| 42 | F | 86 | 23.8 | III | No | No | Carcinoma of ascending colon | Open right hemicolectomy | 24 cm | III | Grade IVa | None | None | 28 |
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| 43 | F | 76 | 21.8 | II | No | No | Infraumbilical incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 12 cm | I | None | None | None | 3 |
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| 44 | M | 67 | 37.6 | II | No | No | Carcinoma of ascending colon | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 |
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| 45 | F | 63 | 40.6 | II | No | No | Epigastric and umbilical incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 12 cm | I | None | None | None | 6 |
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| 46 | M | 57 | 24.9 | No | No | Rectal carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted deep anterior rectal resection and ileostomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
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| 47 | M | 64 | 33.4 | II | No | No | Sigmoid colon carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 10 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 |
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| 48 | M | 58 | 32.1 | II | No | No | Carcinoma of right colonic flexure | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 6 cm | III | None | None | None | 6 |
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| 49 | F | 57 | 29.6 | III | No | No | Epigastric and periumbilical incisional hernia | Laparoscopy-assisted hernioplasty (MILOS/sublay) | 10 cm | I | None | None | None | 5 |
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| 50 | F | 56 | 33.8 | III | No | No | Epigastric incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 11 cm | I | None | None | None | 7 |
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| 51 | M | 54 | 27.2 | II | No | No | Epigastric incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 7 cm | I | None | None | None | 5 |
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| 52 | F | 72 | 22.2 | II | No | Yes Typ II |
Rectal carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted deep anterior rectal resection and ileostomy | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 8 |
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| 53 | M | 68 | 22.0 | III | No | No | Supraumbilical/umbilical incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 19 cm | I | Grade II | None | None | 8 |
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| 54 | M | 61 | 22.0 | II | No | No | Carcinoma of descending colon | Laparoscopy-assisted left hemicolectomy | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 |
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| 55 | M | 64 | 28.0 | II | No | No | Sigmoid colon carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 11 cm | III | Grade IIIa | None | None | 7 |
|
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| 56 | F | 71 | 34.4 | III | Yes | Yes Typ II |
Sigmoid diverticulitis with sigmovesical fistula | Open sigmoidectomy and fistula removal | 30 cm | III | Grade II | Yes Grade 1 |
None | 8 |
|
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| 57 | M | 31 | 46.2 | Yes | No | Large umbilical hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 7 cm | None | None | None | 2 | ||
|
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| 58 | F | 87 | 22.3 | No | Yes Typ II |
Double carcinoma => Carcinoma of ascending colon + rectal carcinoma |
Open right hemicolectomy and deep anterior rectal resection | 30 cm | III | Grade II | None | None | 13 | |
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| 59 | M | 75 | 23.8 | No | No | Epigastric incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 8 cm | None | None | None | 5 | ||
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| 60 | M | 60 | 33.0 | No | No | Carcinoma of colon transversum close to left flexure | Laparoscopy-assisted left hemicolectomy | 12 cm | III | Grade II | None | None | 8 | |
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| 61 | M | 57 | 48.3 | No | No | Large umbilical hernia | Open IPOM | 7 cm | None | None | None | 2 | ||
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| 62 | M | 86 | 28.4 | III | No | No | Sigmoid colon carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted rectosigmoid resektion | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 8 |
|
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| 63 | M | 77 | 31.9 | Yes | Yes Typ II |
Supraumbilical/umbilical hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 7 cm | None | None | None | 3 | ||
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| 64 | F | 67 | 29.5 | No | No | Sigmoid diverticulitis | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 10 cm | III | Grade II | None | None | 6 | |
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| 65 | F | 43 | 28.1 | No | No | Sigmoid diverticulitis | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 7 cm | III | None | None | None | 6 | |
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| 66 | F | 86 | 24.4 | III | Yes | No | Hepatic metastatic carcinoma of rectosigmoid | Open rectosigmoid resection and resection of liver segment V | 35 cm | III | None | None | None | 9 |
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| 67 | F | 58 | 33.9 | No | No | Carcinoma of coecum | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 5 | |
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| 68 | M | 68 | 34.8 | No | No | Incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) and omphalectomy | 7 cm | II | None | None | None | 4 | |
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| 69 | F | 80 | 30.5 | No | No | Sigmoid colon carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy with left adnexectomy | 10 cm | III | None | None | None | 6 | |
|
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| 70 | M | 55 | 28.0 | No | No | Recurrence of incisional hernia in middle abdomen + rectus diastasis | Open hernioplasty (sublay) and reconstruction diastasis recti | 25 cm | None | None | None | 5 | ||
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| 71 | F | 78 | 37.0 | III | No | Yes Typ II |
Carcinoma of ascending colon | Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolectomy | 10 cm | III | None | None | None | 9 |
|
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| 72 | F | 64 | 19.1 | III | Yes | No | Double carcinoma => coecum und C. transversum close to left flexure | Open right and left hemicolectomy | 25 cm | III | None | None | None | 11 |
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| 73 | M | 72 | 28.7 | No | No | Epigastric incisional hernia | Open hernioplasty (sublay) | 12 cm | None | None | None | 6 | ||
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| 74 | F | 80 | 27.7 | No | No | Existing ileostomy | Reversal of ileostomy | 8 cm | III | None | None | None | 5 | |
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| 75 | M | 92 | 21.3 | III | No | No | Double carcinoma => coecum und ascending colon | Open right hemicolectomy + construction of artificial anus | 20 cm | III | None | None | None | 8 |
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| 76 | F | 66 | 35.4 | No | Yes Typ II |
Carcinoma of descending colon | Open left hemicolectomy | 20 cm | III | None | None | None | 7 | |
|
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| 77 | F | 47 | 24.5 | No | Yes Typ II |
Existing artificial anus | Reversal of artificial anus | 11 cm | III | Grade II | None | None | 9 | |
|
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| 78 | M | 78 | 25.3 | No | Yes Typ II |
Carcinoma of coecum with infiltration of r ectosigmoid | Open right hemicolectomy and rectosigmoid resection | 27 cm | III | Grade IIIa |
None | None | 17 | |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| 79 | M | 46 | 26.2 | Yes | No | Adenocarcinoma of gastric antrum | Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy | 10 cm | II | Grade IIIa |
None | Yes Grade 1 |
12 | |
|
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| 80 | F | 68 | 30.4 | No | No | Hepatic metastatic sigmoid colon carcinoma | Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy | 9 cm | III | None | None | None | 8 | |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| 81 | F | 78 | 27.3 | III | No | No | Solitary liver metastasis seg. VII | Open resection of liver metastasis | 25 cm | II | None | None | None | 4 |
Clavien-Dindo, Clavien-Dindo Complication Grade (grade 1–5). SSI nach CDC, surgical site infection-classification of Centres for Disease Control and Prevention/USA (grade 1 − superficial/grade 2 − deep); ASA, American Society of Anaesthesiologist Risk; BMI, body mass index.