Extended Data Fig. 1 |. CD28 costimulation enhances the ex vivo effector function of CAR T cells.

HIV-uninfected mice were infused with an equal mixture of CD4-based CAR T cells expressing either CD3-ζ, 4–1BB/CD3-ζ and CD28/CD3-ζ costimulatory domains linked to unique fluorescent proteins to facilitate identification in vivo as described in Fig. 2 legend. Cumulative data indicating the frequency of TNF⁺, IL-2⁺ and MIP-1β⁺ CAR.BBζ and CAR.28ζ T cells within the same mice after ex vivo stimulation with K.Env (+) or K.WT (−) cells. Data represents the aggregate of cytokine producing cells from liver and terminal blood (n = 8). CAR.ζ T cells were too infrequent for analysis. Data shows box and whisker plots where the middle line indicates median, bounds of the box show 25^th to 75^th percentiles, and bars extend to min and max values. Symbols represent biologically independent animals. Significance was calculated using two-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.