Table 2.
Adjusted Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from full multinomial logistic regression for the relation between the covariates and self-reported sleep hours in Iranian adults—Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study
| Short sleep duration (≤ 6 h)versus normal sleep duration (6–9 h) | Long sleep duration (≥ 9 h)versus normal sleep duration (6–9 h) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| ≤ 50 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 51–60 | 1.46 | 1.26–1.70 | < 0.0001 | 0.75 | 0.66–0.85 | < 0.0001 |
| ≥ 60 | 1.71 | 1.38–2.11 | < 0.0001 | 0.78 | 0.66–0.93 | 0.006 |
| Gender (male gender is reference) | 1.33 | 1.09–1.62 | 0.005 | 1.16 | 1.00–1.36 | 0.049 |
| Education | ||||||
| Lower than diploma | 1 | 1 | ||||
| diploma | 1.12 | 0.88–1.41 | 0.334 | 0.82 | 0.67–0.99 | 0.041 |
| Higher than diploma | 1.04 | 0.77–1.40 | 0.784 | 0.40 | 0.30–0.52 | < 0.0001 |
| Marital status (married is ref) | 1.31 | 1.05–1.63 | 0.015 | 1.13 | 0.96–0.133 | 0.122 |
| Residence (urban is ref) | 0.88 | 0.76–1.01 | 0.076 | 1.31 | 1.18–1.45 | < 0.0001 |
| Wealth index status | ||||||
| The poorest | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Second poor | 1.12 | 0.92–1.36 | 0.247 | 0.93 | 0.80–1.08 | 0.393 |
| Middle | 0.97 | 0.79–1.19 | 0.795 | 0.82 | 0.70–0.95 | 0.013 |
| Second rich | 0.92 | 0.74–1.13 | 0.459 | 0.65 | 0.55–0.76 | < 0.0001 |
| The richest | 0.85 | 0.66–1.08 | 0.184 | 0.68 | 0.57–0.83 | < 0.0001 |
| Mobile use time (hours) | ||||||
| < 3a | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 3–7.9 | 1.13 | 0.95–1.35 | 0.146 | 0.96 | 0.84–1.09 | 0.555 |
| ≥ 8 | 1.31 | 1.05–1.64 | 0.013 | 0.94 | 0.79–1.12 | 0.503 |
| Night shift workers | 1.34 | 1.10–1.64 | 0.003 | 0.79 | 0.65–0.94 | 0.012 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| < 25a | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 25–29.9 | 1.01 | 0.85–1.16 | 0.958 | 0.97 | 0.86–1.09 | 0.682 |
| ≥ 30 | 1.21 | 1.02–1.45 | 0.029 | 0.87 | 0.76–1.01 | 0.066 |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Lowa | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.48 | 1.24–1.76 | < 0.0001 | 0.45 | 0.40–0.51 | < 0.0001 |
| Good | 2.18 | 1.78–2.66 | < 0.0001 | 0.29 | 0.25–0.35 | < 0.0001 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Nonsmokers a | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Current smokers | 1.14 | 0.93–1.41 | 0.191 | 1.00 | 0.83–1.19 | 0.997 |
| Past smokers | 1.31 | 1.05–1.63 | 0.015 | 1.01 | 0.82–1.22 | 0.957 |
| Alcohol use | 1.46 | 1.14–1.87 | 0.003 | 0.86 | 0.67–1.09 | 0.232 |
| Depression | 0.74 | 0.53–1.04 | 0.087 | 0.87 | 0.65–1.13 | 0.295 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 1.17 | 0.96–1.44 | 0.115 | 0.94 | 0.78–1.11 | 0.453 |
| Hypertension | 0.91 | 0.74–1.11 | 0.350 | 0.86 | 0.72–1.01 | 0.082 |
| Diabetes | 1.17 | 0.93–1.46 | 0.163 | 1.23 | 1.02–1.47 | 0.024 |
a Reference group