Table 2.
Summary of study characteristics.
| No. | Study Reference | Type of Study | Country | Sample Size, n | Age group (average) | Ethnicity | No. of Subjects, n (female/male) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| preDM | newDM, | Controls | ||||||||||
| IGT | IFG | CGI | ||||||||||
| 1 | (Allin et al., 2018) | Case-control | Denmark | 268 | 55-68 | Danish | 134 (53/81) | 134 (53/81) |
||||
| 2 | (Bhute et al., 2017) | Case-control | India | 49 | 40-60 | Indian | 14 | 19 | ||||
| 3 | (Chávez-Carbajal et al., 2020) | Cross-sectional | Mexico | 217 | 40-63 | Mexicans | 54 (36/18) |
76 (50/26) | ||||
| 4 | (Chen et al., 2019) | Case-control | Taiwan | 100 | 20-80 | N/A | 50 (14/36) | 50 (22/28) |
||||
| 5 | (Diener et al., 2021) | Cross-sectional | Mexico | 430 | 24-66 | Mexicans | 42 (29/13) | 52 (29/23) | 57 (39/18) | 48 (31/17) | 214 (165/49) | |
| 6 | (Egshatyan et al., 2016) | Cross-sectioal | Russia | 97 | 25-75 | Caucasian | 25 (18/7) |
23 (13/10) | 49 (38/11) |
|||
| 7 | (Ericson et al., 2020) | Cohort | Sweden | 1726 | >18 | N/A | 260 (137/123) | 1466 (800/666) | ||||
| 8 | (Gaike et al., 2020) | Case-control | India | 102 | 30-60 | Indian | 17 (11/6) |
11 (2/9) |
35 (18/17) |
|||
| 9 | (Ghaemi et al., 2020) | Case-control | Iran | 90 | 40-60 | Iranian | 30 | 30 | ||||
| 10 | (Karlsson et al., 2013) | Cohort | Sweden | 145 (all women) |
70 | European | 49 | 43 | ||||
| 11 | (Lambeth et al., 2015) | Case-control | USA | 49 | 55-62 | Caucasian white, Hispanics, Native Americans | 20 (14/6) |
15 (10/5) |
||||
| 12 | (Li et al., 2020) | Case-control | China | 60 | 40 -50 | N/A | 30 (26/4) | 30 (26/4) | ||||
| 13 | (Nuli et al., 2019) | Case-control | China | 60 | 30-70 | Chinese (Uyghur) | 20 (8/12) | 20 (9/11) | 20 (8/12) | |||
| 14 | (Wang et al., 2021) | Case-control | China | 126 | 40-70 | Chinese | 33 (22/11) | 63 (40/23) | ||||
| 15 | (Wu et al., 2020) | Cross-sectional | Sweden | 1495 | 50-64 | Swedish | DC (178) [98/80] VC (132) [74/58] |
DC (189) [98/91] | DC (75)[28/47] VC (88)[39/49] |
DC (46) [17/29] VC (58) [27/32] |
DC:523 [lrNGT: 226 (127/99); hrNGT: 297: (200/97)] VC:206 (100/106) |
|
| 16 | (Zhang et al., 2013) | Case-control | China | 121 | 50-55 | N/A | 64 | 13 | 44 | |||
| 17 | (Zhao et al., 2019) | Case-control | China | 100 | 40-60 | Chinese | 16 (9/7) |
35 (17/18) |
||||
| 18 | (Zhong et al., 2019) | Case-control | China | 254 | 49-75 | Chinese | 80 (39/41) |
77 (44/33) | 97 (65/32) |
|||
DC, discovery cohort; VC, validation cohort; lrNGT, low-risk NGT; hrNGT, high-risk NGT.