Table 2.
Diagnostic imaging characteristics of patients.
| Patient no. | Diagnosis | Maximum lesion size (mm) | Lesion location | CT | MRI | Additional imaging modalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chondrosarcoma (Grade 1) | 30 | Subglottic | Heterogeneous expansile mass arising from cricoid cartilage with internal chondroid matrix calcification | T1W isointense, T2W hyperintense mass, minimally heterogeneous enhancement | – |
| 2 | Chondrosarcoma (Grade 2) | 60 | Supraglottic + glottic + subglottic | Transglottic hypodense mass with central necrosis. | – | – |
| Extralaryngeal extension. | ||||||
| Thyroid and cricoid cartilage destruction. | ||||||
| Level 6 metastatic lymphadenopathy. | ||||||
| 3 | Neuroendocrine tumor Grade 2 (atipical carcinoid tumor) | 16 | Supraglottic | Mass on right aryepiglottic fold and interarytenoid region | T1W isointense, T2W hyperintense, enhancing soft tissue | – |
| 4 | Extranodal Natural killer/T cell lymphoma | 30 | Supraglottic + glottic | Mass on the epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, band ventricle, vocal Cord. | – | F-18 FDG PET/CT |
| Ipsilateral level 2 metastatic lymphadenopathy. | Increased tracer uptake in right supraglottic soft tissue (SUVmax 2.1). | |||||
| Increased tracer uptake in ipsilateral level 2 lymph nodes (SUVmax 2.6) | ||||||
| 5 | Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, monomorphic, diffuse large B-cell type | 16 | Supraglottic | Mass on left aryepiglottic fold, band ventricle, | – | F-18 FDG PET/CT |
| Left level 3 metastatic lymphadenopathy | Intense tracer uptake in oropharynx and supraglottic larynx (SUVmax 11.5), | |||||
| Increased tracer uptakes in lung, pleura, spleen, breast, stomach, axillary, hilar and cervical lymph nodes. | ||||||
| 6 | Plasmocytoma-multiple myeloma involvement | 28 | Subglottic | Lytic-expansile mass arising from cricoid cartilage | – | F-18 FDG PET/CT |
| Lytic lesions at first and ninth ribs and T10 vertebra corpus. | Increased tracer uptake in subglottic larynx (SUVmax 2.9). | |||||
| Multiple skeletal increased tracer uptakes in the 1, 6, 9th ribs and T10 vertebra (SUVmax 3.6). | ||||||
| 7 | Plasmocytoma-multiple myeloma involvement | 30 | Supraglottic + glottic + subglottic | Transglottic mass, thyroid and cricoid cartilage destruction. | – | F-18 FDG PET/CT |
| Multiple lytic skeletal lesions. | Multiple skeletal increased tracer uptakes (SUVmax 10.9). | |||||
| 8 | Plasmocytoma-Multiple myeloma involvement | 28 | Subglottic | Lytic expansile mass arising from cricoid cartilage. | – | – |
| Multiple lytic skeletal lesions. | ||||||
| 9 | Adenocarcinoma metastasis |
14 | Glottic | Mass on the right vocal cord | – | – |
| Bilateral level 2 metastatic lymphadenopathy. | ||||||
| 10 | Paraganglioma | 12 | Supraglottic and left carotid bifurcation | Well defined, hypervascular mass at right preepiglottic space. | T1W isointense, T2W hyperintense, homogeneously enhancing mass lesions at right preepiglottic space and left carotid bifurcation | 68Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT |
| Hypervascular mass at left carotid bifurcation. | Right preepiglottic mass; Intense tracer uptake (SUV max: 35.8) | |||||
| Left carotid body mass; Intense tracer uptake (SUV max: 37.5) | ||||||
| DSA: | ||||||
| Right superior thyroid artery supplied laryngeal mass | ||||||
| Left ascending pharyngeal artery supplied mass at left carotid bifurcation. | ||||||
| 11 | Chondroma | 50 | Supraglottic + glottic + subglottic+ | Transglottic expansile mass arising from cricoid cartilage | T1W hypointense, T2W hyperintense, minimally heterogeneous enhancing mass |
– |
| 12 | Laryngeal lipoma | 22 | Supraglottic + glottic | – | Supraglottic and glottic nonenhancing mass with typical fat signal characteristics: T1W hyperintense, entirely suppressed on fat-suppressed images. | – |
| 13 | Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor | 18 | Glottic | Mass on the left vocal cord | – | – |
| 14 | Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism |
20 | Subglottic | Expansile mass arising from cricoid cartilage. | – | – |
| Maxillary and mandibular lytic expansile mass lesions | ||||||
| Parathyroid adenoma at left inferior gland location. | ||||||
| 15 | Wegener's granulomatosis involvement | – | Diffuse soft tissue involvement | Diffuse edema and increased soft tissue thickness at laryngeal soft tissue. | – | – |
| Lung CT: ground glass opacities, consolidation, focal bronchiectasis, nodules, bronchial and tracheal wall thickening. | ||||||
| 16 | Tuberculous involvement |
10 | Supraglottic |
Mass on left band ventricle, arytenoid cartilage sclerosis. | – | – |
| Lung CT: right hilar lymphadenopathy, consolidations, ground glass opacities, bronchiectasis at left upper lob. | ||||||
| 17 | Behçet's disease involvement | 10 | Supraglottic | Increased soft tissue thickness on left aryepiglottic fold and priform sinüs. | – | – |
| 18 | Vasculary malformation (low-flow) | 47 | Supraglottic + glottic | – | T1W hypointense, T2W hyperintense, enhancing mass right side of the supraglottic and glottic level of larynx and oropharyngeal, lingual, nasopharyngeal extensions. | – |
CT, Computed Tomography; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; T1W, T1 weighted; T2W, T2 weighted; F-18 FDG PET/CT, Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography; 68Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT, Gallium-68 DOTA-peptide Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography; DSA, Digital Subtraction Angiography.