. 2021 Mar 14;88(2):263–278. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.02.010

Table 2.

Distribution according to the type of study — randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Author, year	Sample	Age	Appliance	Mandibular advancement	Treatment time	Evaluation	Results
Villa et al.,²³ 2002	14 patients, 9 controls	6.86 ± 2.34 years	Acrylic resin bite plate for mandibular positioning	5 mm	6-months	Polysomnography	Apnea index (p = 0.001) and hypopnea index (p = 0.001) decreased significantly. The clinical evaluation before and after treatment showed that, in 7 of the 14 individuals (50%) the oral appliance reduced the symptoms (drop of at least 2 respiratory points) and in 7 it had resolved the main respiratory symptoms. Effective and well tolerated.
Villa et al.,²³ 2002	14 patients, 9 controls	6.86 ± 2.34 years	Acrylic resin bite plate for mandibular positioning	5 mm	6-months	Modified Brouillette questionnaire
Idris et al.,²⁴ 2018	16 patients	9.8 ± 1.1 years	Twin-Block (MAS Active) Two removable upper and lower acrylic plates. (Sham MAS)	3 mm	3 weeks	PSQ	Compared to the Sham MAS, the wearing of the Active MAS resulted in a significant reduction in overall AHI (−37%; 95% CI 15%–53%; p = 0.002) and supine AHI (−4.1 events per hour; 95% CI 1.8–6.4; p < 0.001). Mean snoring time per night was shorter with the Active MAS than with the Sham MAS (−46.3 min; 95% CI 14.5–78.1; p = 0.004). Wearing of the Active MAS improved the ratings of quality of life and behavior (p ≤ 0.028), but there was no evidence that it influenced IGF-1 levels (p = 0.172).
					2 week washout period	OSA 18
						BESS
						ESS
						Polysomnography
						Serum levels of IGF-1
Nunes Jr et al.,²⁵ 2019	24 patients, 16 controls	6–9 years	BioAJustax oral appliance	Installation, a bite guide was molded with acrylic behind the upper incisors to place the lower incisors in a more anterior contact with the upper incisors favoring the advancement of the mandible to class I constructive bite.	6-months	The PSQ	Six months of OOA treatment in snoring children with SDB promotes the enlargement of pharyngeal dimensions and beneficial cephalometric changes. Snoring <0.001
						Nasofibroscopy
						Polysomnography
						Cephalometry
							Mouth breathing <0.001

BESS, behavioral and emotional screening system; ESS, Epworth sleepiness scale; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; OOA, oral orthopedic appliance; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PSQ, pediatric sleep questionnaire; SDB, sleep disordered breathing; SRBD, sleep-related breathing disorder.