Table 1.
Studies with patients meeting the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.
| Study | Author | Type of study | Year | Location | Sample | Subjective outcomes for tinnitus | Study group | Age at cochlear implantation (mean) | Device | Type of procedure | Length of follow-up (mo) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cochlear implantation as a long-term treatment for ipsilateral incapacitating tinnitus in subjects with unilateral hearing loss up to 10 years | Mertens G. et al. | Quasi-experimental-studies | 2015 | Belgium | 23 | TQ + VAS | SSD (profound) and AHL | 55 yr. | No information | Unilateral | 1 to 36 | Reduction in TQ scores (55 to 31 points) and on VAS (8 to 3 points) |
| Effect of cochlear implantation on quality of life in adults with unilateral hearing lossb | Dillon M.T. et al. | Quasi-experimental studies | 2017 | USA | 20 | THI | SSD (moderate/profound) | 50 yr. (SD = 11.5) | MED-EL, concerto, standard electrode array | Unilateral | 12 to 48 | Reduction in THI scores (23.3 to 2.8 points), 90% reduction in THI scores |
| Effect of unilateral and simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation on tinnitus: a prospective studyb | van Zon A. et al. | Quasi-experimental studies | 2016 | Multicentric | 38 | THI + TQ + VAS | NSHL (severe/profound) | 50.3 yr. (SD = 14.4) | Advanced Bionics HiRes90 K | Unilateral and Bilateral (simulta neous) | 48 | Reduction in THI scores (13 to 3 points) and TQ (17 to 7 points) and VAS (5 to 2), 80% reduction in THI scores |
| On the necessity of full length electrical cochlear stimulation to suppress severe tinnitus in single-sided deafness | Punte A.K. et al. | Quasi-experimental studies | 2013 | Belgium | 14 | TQ + VAS | SSD (profound) | No information | MED-EL Sonata TI 100 | Unilateral | 6 | Reduction in TQ scores (60 to 39 points) and VAS (8.2 to 4.1 points), 85.7% reduction in TQ scores and 100% on VAS scores |
| Self-reported benefits from successive bilateral cochlear implantation in postlingually deafened adults: randomized controlled trial | Quentin Summerfield A. et al. | Randomized controlled trial | 2006 | Multicentric | 24 | VAS own questionnaire | NSHL (profound) | No information | Cochlear Nucleus CI-24 | Unilateral and bilateral (simultaneous and sequential) | 3 to 22 | Reduction in tinnitus perception and annoyance |
| Suppression of tinnitus in chinese patients receiving regular cochlear implant programming | Liu Y. et al. | Randomized controlled trial | 2015 | China | 234 | THI | NSHL (profound) | 28.6 yr. | Cochlear Nucleus 24 | Unilateral | 1 to 30 | Reduction in THI scores in all patients |
| the impact of cochlear implantation on speech understanding, subjective hearing performance, and tinnitus perception in patients with unilateral severe to profound hearing loss | Távora-Vieira D. et al. | Quasi-experimental studies | 2015 | Australia | 28 | TRQ | SSD (severe/ profound) | 53.75 yr. | MED-EL GmbH | Unilateral | 3 to 24 | Reduction in TRQ scores (48.8 to 1.75 points) |
| Tinnitus after simultaneous and sequential bilateral cochlear implantationb | Ramakers G.G.J. et al. | Quasi-experimental studies | 2017 | Netherlands | 38 | THI + TQ | NSHL (moderate/profound) | No information | Advanced Bionics HiRes90 K | Bilateral (simultaneous/sequential) | 12 to 144 | Reduction THI scores (13 to 5) and TQ (17 to 7 points), 62% reduction in THI scores |
| Tinnitus modifications after cochlear implantationb | Di Nardo W. et al. | Quasi-experimental studies | 2007 | Italy | 30 | THI | NSHL (severe/ profound) | 39.17 yr. (SD = 16.49) | Cochlear, Digisonic MSM, Clarion, MED-EL, COMBI-40 + MED-EL | No Information | 24 | Reduction in THI scores (44,5 to 25 points), 65% reduction in THI scores |
| Tinnitus suppression by intracochlear electrical stimulation in single-sided deafness: a prospective clinical trial - part Ib | Arts R.A. et al. | Quasi-experimental-studies | 2014 | Multicentric | 10 | THI + TQ + VAS | SSD (moderate/severe) | 48.2 yr. (SD = 12.6) | MED-EL, Concerto, OPUS2, Maestro version 4.1.2 | Unilateral | 1 to 8 | Reduction in THI scores (45 to 31 points), TQ (41 to 26 points) and VAS (7.1 to 4.3 points), 70% reduction in THI scores |
| Tinnitus suppression by intracochlear electrical stimulation in single-sided deafness - a prospective clinical trial: follow-upb | Arts R.A. et al | Quasi-experimental studies | 2015 | Multicentric | 10a | THI + TQ + VAS | SSD (moderate/severe) | 48.2 yr. | MED-EL, Concerto, OPUS2, Maestro version 4.1.2 | Unilateral | 1 to 12 | Reduction in THI scores (45 to 31 points), TQ (40 to 30 points) and VAS (7.1 to 2.8 points), 80% reduction in THI scores |
TQ, Tinnitus questionnaire; VAS, Visual qnalog scale; THI, Tinnitus handicap inventory; TRQ, Tinnitus reaction questionnaire.
a
The 10 patients analyzed in Part I of the Remo Arts study were the same as those analyzed in the follow-up but at different times after CI activation.
b
Articles eligible for meta-analysis.