Table 4.
JBI Critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled trials.
| van Zon A. et al. | Quentin Summerfield A. et al. | Liu Y. et al. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Was true randomization used for assigning participants to treatment groups? | Y | Y | Y |
| Was allocation to treatment groups concealed? | Y | Y | Y |
| Were treatment groups similar at the baseline? | Y | Y | Y |
| Were participants blind to treatment assignment? | NA | NA | NA |
| Were those delivering treatment blind to treatment assignment? | NA | NA | NA |
| Were outcomes assessors blind to treatment assignment? | NA | NA | NA |
| Were treatment groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest? | Y | Y | Y |
| Was follow up complete and if not, were differences between groups in terms of their follow up adequately described and analyzed? | Y | Y | Y |
| Were participants analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized? | Y | Y | Y |
| Were outcomes measured in the same way for treatment groups? | Y | Y | Y |
| Were outcomes measured in a reliable way? | Y | Y | Y |
| Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Y | Y | Y |
| Was the trial design appropriate, and any deviations from the standard RCT design (individual randomization, parallel groups) accounted for in the conduct and analysis of the trial? | Y | Y | Y |
| Bias risk (%) | 90% | 90% | 90% |