Table 2.
Between-Meal Care Process Comparisons: Trained Staff Versus CNA Care Episodes.
| Federal tag | Care process | Trained staff episodes (n = 3,046) % (n) or M (SD) | CNA episodes (n = 863) % (n) or M (SD) | χ2 or t test value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greeting | ||||
| F371 | Wash hands | 57.0 (1,517) | 3.1 (26) | 742.08*** |
| F241 | Greet resident by name | 97.1 (2,957) | 89.0 (767) | 99.48*** |
| F241 | Introduce themselves to resident | 97.0 (2,949) | 92.6 (797) | 35.37*** |
| Offer choices | ||||
| F325, F327 | Fluids | 42.4 (1,248) | 5.2 (45) | 411.09*** |
| F325, F366 | Foods | 60.0 (1,760) | 9.8 (84) | 669.20*** |
| Alternative if eating < 50% | 13.1 (61) | 4.9 (12) | 12.02** | |
| Second serving | 13.5 (240) | 3.8 (17) | 33.43*** | |
| Provide assistance | ||||
| F310 | Ensure resident sitting upright | 85.9 (324) | 77.2 (142) | 6.76** |
| F241 | Staff seated across from resident | 71.0 (336) | 49.8 (119) | 31.07*** |
| F312 | Staff provided manageable bites/drinks | 98.9 (550) | 97.3 (257) | 2.84 |
| F241 | Social stimulation provided | 84.6 (2,257) | 63.4 (519) | 173.92*** |
| F241, F310 | Verbal cueing | 90.5 (2,115) | 76.9 (596) | 95.15*** |
| F310 | Spend at least 5 min (or until finished) | 41.3 (985) | 32.4 (256) | 19.65*** |
| Per resident per episode | ||||
| Average assistance time (minutes) | 2.57 (±3.32) | 1.77 (±2.40) | 6.64*** | |
| Average calories consumed (kcals) | 130 (±126) | 77 (±94) | 11.63*** |
Note. CNA = certified nursing assistant.
**
p ≤ .01.
***
p < .001.