Table 3. Regular consumption of ultra-processed food by children at 24 months of age and associated factors. Pelotas Birth Cohort-RS, 2015.
| Crude | Adjusteda | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| RR | p | 95%CI | RR | p | 95%CI | |
| Sex | 0.686 | 0.919 | ||||
| Men | 0.99 | 0.97–1.03 | 1.00 | 0.97–1.03 | ||
| Women | ref | ref | ||||
| Maternal skin color | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| White | ref | ref | ||||
| Black | 1.26 | 1.21–1.30 | 1.12 | 1.08–1.16 | ||
| Brown | 1.21 | 1.16–1.26 | 1.07 | 1.03–1.12 | ||
| Household income | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Q1 (poorer) | 1.67 | 1.59–1.75 | 1.19 | 1.12–1.26 | ||
| Q2 | 1.54 | 1.47–1.62 | 1.17 | 1.11–1.23 | ||
| Q3 | 1.44 | 1.37–1.51 | 1.16 | 1.10–1.22 | ||
| Q4 | 1.34 | 1.27–1.40 | 1.15 | 1.09–1.21 | ||
| Q5 (richer) | ref | ref | ||||
| Maternal schooling level (years of schooling) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0–4 | 1.83 | 1.74–1.92 | 1.59 | 1.50–1.69 | ||
| 5–8 | 1.69 | 1.62–1.75 | 1.47 | 1.40–1.54 | ||
| 9–11 | 1.44 | 1.39–1.50 | 1.31 | 1.26–1.37 | ||
| ≥ 12 | ref | ref | ||||
| Maternal age (years old) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 20 | 1.54 | 1.46–1.62 | 1.23 | 1.17–1.30 | ||
| 20–34 | 1.22 | 1.16–1.27 | 1.14 | 1.09–1.19 | ||
| ≥ 35 | ref | ref | ||||
| The child attends nursery | < 0.001 | 0.429 | ||||
| No | 1.16 | 1.12–1.20 | 0.99 | 0.95–1.02 | ||
| Yes | ref | ref | ||||
| The child has siblings | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | ref | ref | ||||
| Yes | 1.11 | 1.08–1.14 | 1.10 | 1.06–1.13 | ||
| Breastfeeding status until the child is 12 months of age | 0.242 | 0.104 | ||||
| Partial breastfeeding | ref | ref | ||||
| Weaned | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.06 | ||
RR: relative risk; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.
a Adjustment by hierarchical level: level 1: sex, maternal skin color, household income, maternal schooling level, and maternal age; level 2: the child attends nursery and the child has siblings; level 3: breastfeeding status until the child is 12 months of age.