In vitro transcription from the B. japonicum grpE and dnaK (A) and hrcA (B) promoters. The enzymes used were B. japonicum RNA polymerase core enzyme (Core), purified RpoH2-H6 protein (RpoH2), and B. japonicum RNA polymerase holoenzyme (Holo). Plasmids pRJ5099, pRJ5542, and pRJ5543 were used as templates to transcribe the 5′ ends of dnaK, hrcA, and grpE, respectively. Numbers on the left mark transcript lengths (in nucleotides) of the expected transcripts; lengths were confirmed with suitable in vitro-synthesized RNA size markers (not shown). The signal extending across the entire gel (A) was caused by overloaded RNA size markers on the left.