Figure 2.

Signaling involved in anoikis resistance mechanism of glioma. EGFR, IGFR, TrkB, TGF-β and the hippo pathway are signaling pathways involved in the anoikis resistance of glioma. NF-κB is a common mediator in these pathways, for it regulates the expression of several anoikis-related proteins. Similarly, the hippo pathway promotes anoikis resistance through its transcription factor TAZ. Apart from transcription factors, EGFR also represses Bim expression through Erk/MAPK pathway. Meanwhile TrkB upregulates Bcl-xl and downregulates FasL and Bim through PI3K/AKT pathway. The signaling of TrkB and TGF-β triggers EMT as well, which promotes cell detachment and anoikis resistance. And there are also EGFR signaling triggered by the hippo pathway, and β-catenin promoted by TGF-β, indicating the connection between adhesion molecules and signaling pathways goes both way.