Table 1.
| Author and year of publication | Study design/setting | World Bank country income classification | Country | Infertile population | FGTB testing method | n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion of FGTB | Proportion of infertility among FGTB patient | ||||||||
| Overall infertility | PI | SI | |||||||
| Chattopadhyay et al.38 (1986) | CS/HA | High-income | Saudi Arabia | 945 | NA | 40 (4.2) | NA | NA | NA |
| Tal et al.39 (2020) | PC/HC | High-income | USA | 323 | QuantiFERON-TB | 25 (7.7) | NA | NA | NA |
| Abdissa et al.4 (2018) | CS/HA | Low-income | Ethiopia | 152 | PCR, CP, HE | 8 (5.3) | 5 (62.5) | 4 (50) | 1 (12.5) |
| Abebe et al.13 (2004) | CS/HA | Low-income | Ethiopia | 25 | AFB, CP, HE, PCR | 16 (64) | NA | NA | NA |
| Ali and Abdallah40 (2012) | CS/HA | Low-income | Sudan | 2,778 | HE | 25 (0.9) | NA | NA | NA |
| Abdelrub and Al Harazi41 (2015) | P/O/HA | Low-income | Yemen | 151 | AFB, PCR, CP, HE | 47 (31.1) | NA | NA | NA |
| Nezar et al.42 (2009) | P/O/HA | Lower-middle income | Egypt | 420 | Laparoscopy, HE, PCR | 24 (5.7) | 24 (100) | NA | NA |
| Kumar et al.6 (2008) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 285 | PCR | 111 (39) | 111 (100) | NA | NA |
| Mohakul et al.5 (2015) | P/HC | Lower-middle income | India | 105 | PCR, hysteroscopy | 41 (39) | 41 (100) | 24 (58) | 17 (42) |
| Jindal10 (2006) | R/HC | Lower-middle income | India | 2,083 | LAP, AFB, HE, MT, ELISA | 10 (7.2) | 146 (97.3) | 105 (70) | 41 (27.3) |
| Singh et al.43 (2008 | R/HC | Lower-middle income | India | 140 | MH, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy | 34 (48.5) | NA | NA | NA |
| Sankar et al.44 (2013) | R/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 620 | AFB, PCR, CP, HE | 158 (25.5) | 151 (95.5) | 119 (78.8) | 32 (21.2) |
| Mahajan et al.45 (2016) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 180 | PCR, CP | 74 (41) | NA | NA | NA |
| Sethi et al.46 (2016) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 300 | AFB, PCR, CP, HE | 68 (22.7) | NA | NA | NA |
| Chatterjee et al.65 (2018) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 120 | PCR | 2 (1.7) | NA | NA | NA |
| Chowdhury et al.47 (2010) | CO/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 517 | PCR | 230 (44.5) | 114 (49.7) | NA | NA |
| Saraswat et al.48 (2010) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 125 | PCR, CP | 26 (20.8) | NA | NA | NA |
| Malhotra et al.49 (2012) | O/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 555 | AFB, PCR, CP | 140 (25.22) | NA | NA | NA |
| GajBhIye et al.50 (2019) | CS/O/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 50 | PCR | 6 (12) | 5 (83.3) | 4 (80) | 1 (20) |
| Bhanothu et al.51 (2014) | P/CC/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 302 | PCR | 86 (28.47) | NA | NA | NA |
| Gurjar et al.20 (2018) | O/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 100 | PCR | 52 (52) | NA | NA | NA |
| Patil et al.52 (2015) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 123 | Gen-Probe MTD test | 1 (0.8) | NA | NA | NA |
| Goel et al.53 (2013) | R/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 546 | PCR | 20 (3.7) | NA | NA | NA |
| Kamal et al.54 (2020) | P/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 100 | PCR, HE | 27 (27) | NA | 16 (59.4) | 11 (40.6) |
| Kanti V et al.55 (2021) | P/HC | Lower-middle income | India | 59 | CBNAAT, HE | 2 (3.4) | NA | 2 (100) | 0 |
| Meenu et al.56 (2020) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 139 | PCR | 58 (41.7) | NA | NA | NA |
| Shende et al.57 (2017) | P/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 120 | PCR | 32 (27) | NA | NA | NA |
| Shrivastava & Patel7 (2014) | P/HC | Lower-middle income | India | 218 | AFB, CP, HE, PCR | 86 (39.45) | NA | NA | NA |
| Ohri et al.58 (2016) | P/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 50 | PCR | 9 (18) | NA | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) |
| Parikh et al.59 (2014) | P/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 50 | PCR | 6 (12) | NA | 3 (50) | 3 (50) |
| Gupta et al.60 (2007) | R/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 150 | AFB, MT, PCR | 40 (26.7) | NA | 30 (75) | 10 (25) |
| Rajaram et al.61 (2016) | PC/HA | Lower-middle income | India | 50 | HE, PCR | 14 (28) | NA | NA | NA |
| Ojo et al.19 (2008) | R/HA | Lower-middle income | Nigeria | 661 | AFB, HE | 3 (0.45) | NA | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) |
| Ojo et al.23 (1971) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | Nigeria | 11,896 | HE | 82 (0.7) | NA | NA | NA |
| Emembolu28 (1989) | R/HA | Lower-middle income | Nigeria | 114 | AFB | 19 (16.7) | NA | 9 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) |
| Gini and Ikerionwu24 (1990) | R/HA | Lower-middle income | Nigeria | 4,700 | HE | 10 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA |
| Shahzad62 (2012) | R/HA | Lower-middle income | Pakistan | 150 | AFB, PCR, CP | 30 (20) | NA | 25 (83.3) | 5 (16.7) |
| Shaheen et al.63 (2009) | CS/HA | Lower-middle income | Pakistan | 534 | CP, AFB-ZN, HE | 13 (2.43) | 13 (100) | NA | NA |
| Khan25 (1985) | R/HA | Upper-middle income | Iran | 91 | LAP, HE | 21 (23.08) | NA | 15 (71.4) | 6 (28.6) |
| Shallal et al.64 (2021) | PC/HA | Upper-middle income | Iraq | 60 | PCR, HE | 6 (10) | NA | NA | NA |
| Margolis et al.26 (1992) | R/HA | Upper-middle income | South Africa | 650 | CP | 40 (6.15) | NA | 16 (40) | 24 (60) |
| Oosthuizen et al.27 (1990) | CS/HA | Upper-middle income | South Africa | 109 | CP | 23 (21) | NA | NA | NA |
FGTB = female genital tuberculosis; PI = primary infertility; SI = secondary infertility; CS = cross-sectional study; HA = hospital admitted patients; NA = Not available; PC = prospective cohort study; HC = infertility centre admitted patient; PCR = polymerase chain reaction test; CP = culture proven; HE = histopathological examination; AFB = acid-fast bacilli test; P = prospective study; O = observational study; R = retrospective study; LAP = laparotomy; MT = Mantoux test; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MH = menstrual history; CC = case control study; MTD= Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct test; CBNAAT = cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test; ZN = Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy.