Figure 3.

Factors that modulate the microbiome. a) Diet: The correct diet modifies the structure, and GM function increases bacterial diversity and SCFA producing species that contribute to better glycemic control in T2D patients. b) Physical activity: In sedentary subjects with T2D, physical activity increases bacterial diversity and SCFA-producing species. These changes reduce endotoxemia and increase the degradation of SCFAs and BCAAs. c) Antidiabetic drugs change the composition, diversity, and SCFA-producing bacteria in the GM, favoring glucose homeostasis through their mechanisms of action. Created with BioRender.com.