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. 2022 Aug 22;2022:6768388. doi: 10.1155/2022/6768388

Table 2.

Regression results of the benchmark.

Variables GVCPs
(1) (2) (3)
AI 0.0048∗∗∗ (2.5838) 0.0037∗∗ (2.1206) 0.0047∗∗ (2.5067)
HC 0.0364∗∗∗ (2.8733) 0.0390∗∗∗ (2.8737)
IPP 0.0291 (1.8274) 0.0243 (1.1345)
Infra −0.0191 (−0.8994) 0.0143 (0.4831)
GDPP 0.0056 (0.5167) 0.0142 (1.1622)
FDI 0.0001 (0.0846) −0.0001 (−0.2666)
Constants 1.0010∗∗∗ (360.3240) 0.7850∗∗∗ (7.5368) 0.6436∗∗∗ (5.3180)
Individual fixed effect Yes Yes Yes
Time fixed effect Yes No Yes
R-squared 0.9447 0.9553 0.9560
N 504 504 504

Robust t-statistics in parentheses, ∗∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗p < 0.05, p < 0.1.