Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics of all patients and diabetic patients.
| Variable | All patients (N =309) | Diabetes status | χ 2 value | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without diabetes (N =168) | With diabetes (N =141) | ||||
| Gender (male), N (%) | 207 (67.0%) | 113 (67.3%) | 94 (66.7%) | 0.012 | 0.912 |
| CKD stages, N (%) | 0.636 | 0.727 | |||
| G3a | 80 (25.9%) | 44 (26.2%) | 36 (25.5%) | ||
| G3b | 98 (31.7%) | 56 (33.3%) | 42 (29.8%) | ||
| G4 | 131 (42.4%) | 68 (40.5%) | 63 (44.7%) | ||
| Proteinuria, N (%) | 268 (87.3%) | 146 (86.9%) | 122 (87.8%) | 0.051 | 0.821 |
| History of AKI, N (%) | 23 (7.5%) | 10 (6.0%) | 13 (9.3%) | 1.228 | 0.268 |
| History of infection, N (%) | 85 (27.5%) | 43 (25.6%) | 42 (29.8%) | 0.676 | 0.411 |
| Nephrotoxic drugs, N (%) | 31 (10.1%) | 21 (12.7%) | 10 (7.1%) | 2.531 | 0.112 |
| ACEI/ARB, N (%) | 114 (36.9%) | 59 (35.1%) | 55 (39.0%) | 0.498 | 0.480 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 269 (87.1%) | 137 (81.5%) | 132 (93.6%) | 9.909 | 0.002 |
| Cardiovascular disease, N (%) | 92 (29.8%) | 49 (29.2%) | 43 (30.5%) | 0.065 | 0.799 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, N (%) | 23 (7.4%) | 11 (6.5%) | 12 (8.5%) | 0.429 | 0.513 |
| Gout, N (%) | 39 (12.7%) | 24 (14.4%) | 15 (10.6%) | 0.963 | 0.326 |
| Start dialysis, N (%) | 81 (26.2%) | 29 (17.3%) | 52 (36.9%) | 15.253 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CKD: chronic kidney disease; AKI: acute kidney injury. aP-value for comparison across those with and without diabetes. The chi-squared test was used to compare the categorical variables.