Table 3.

Univariate analysis of factors affecting the development of chronic kidney disease.

Variable	B value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Basic demographic variables
Gender	0.248	1.281 (0.784, 2.094)	0.322
Age	-0.010	0.990 (0.976, 1.004)	0.154
BMI	-0.003	0.997 (0.933, 1.064)	0.921
Laboratory tests
Serum creatinine	0.006	1.006 (1.003, 1.010)	<0.001
eGFR	-0.026	0.974 (0.957, 0.992)	0.005
Anemia	0.357	1.429 (0.795, 2.569)	0.233
Hypoalbuminemia	1.240	3.457 (2.130, 5.610)	<0.001
Proteinuria	1.089	2.973 (1.197, 7.381)	0.019
ACR
A2 (vs A1)	0.100	1.105 (0.100, 12.266)	0.935
A3 (vs A1)	2.238	9.377 (1.296, 67.831)	0.027
ALP	0.003	1.003 (0.999, 1.006)	0.114
Urea nitrogen	0.100	1.105 (1.062, 1.151)	<0.001
Hyperuricemia	-0.340	0.712 (0.454, 1.116)	0.139
Hypertriglyceridemia	0.297	1.346 (0.866, 2.091)	0.186
High LDL	0.682	1.979 (1.261, 3.106)	0.003
Hypocalcemia	0.517	1.677 (1.070, 2.628)	0.024
Hyperphosphatemia	0.190	1.209 (0.716, 2.042)	0.478
Hyperkalemia	-0.049	0.952 (0.300, 3.020)	0.934
Metabolic acidosis	-0.001	0.999 (0.570, 1.753)	0.998
Clinical characteristics
CKD stages
G3b (vs G3a)	0.459	1.583 (0.826, 3.035)	0.167
G4 (vs G3a)	0.780	2.182 (1.186, 4.011)	0.012
History of AKI	0.015	1.015 (0.409, 2.516)	0.974
History of infection	0.075	1.078 (0.660, 1.759)	0.765
Nephrotoxic drugs	-0.535	0.586 (0.237, 0.450)	0.247
ACEI/ARB	0.089	1.093 (0.698, 1.710)	0.698
Hypertension	1.506	4.508 (1.421, 14.296)	0.011
Diabetes	1.016	2.763 (1.750, 4.362)	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease	0.091	1.095 (0.686, 1.750)	0.703
Cerebrovascular disease	0.228	1.256 (0.578, 2.731)	0.564
Gout	-0.277	0.758 (0.378, 1.519)	0.434

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR: microalbuminuria/urine creatinine, A1: UACR<30 mg/g; A2: UACR 30~300 mg/g; A3: UACR>300 mg/g; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; CKD: chronic kidney disease; AKI: acute kidney injury.