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. 2022 Aug 29;12:14683. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14395-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PCA of 65 ancient Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Chalcolithic, and Neolithic from Iran (12), Israel (16), the Caucasus (7), Romania (10), Scandinavia (15), and Central Europe (5) (colorful shapes) projected onto modern-day populations of various sample sizes (grey dots, black labels). The full population labels are shown in Supplementary Fig. S8. In addition to the modern-day populations used in (A), the following subfigures also include (B) Han Chinese, (C) Pakistani (Punjabi), (D) additional Russians, (E) Pakistani (Punjabi) and additional Russians, and (F) Pakistani (Punjabi), additional Russians, Han Chinese, and Mexicans. The ancient samples remained the same in all the analyses. In each plot (A–F), the ancient Levantines cluster with different modern-day populations.