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. 2022 Jul 12;31(16):4307–4318. doi: 10.1111/mec.16591

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© 2022 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Patterns of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae following exposure to permethrin and deltamethrin treated nets. Female Anopheles gambiae s.s. from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Uganda exhibited very high resistance (low % mortality) in WHO cone assays to permethrin (Olyset) and deltamethrin (PermaNet 2.0) LLINs. There was an increase in mortality following exposure to an increased concentration of deltamethrin (PermaNet 3.0 side) and very high mortality following exposure to pyrethroid plus the P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) Olyset+ and PermaNet 3.0 top. 95% confidence intervals are shown