Table 11.
Correlation between BMI and frequency of intake of different food items (Total number 369).
| Dietary habits | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter and categories | Number (%) | M-W test | Correlation | Logistic regression | ||||||
| Normal | Over weight | p -value | rho | p -value | p -value | OR | 95%CI for OR | |||
| (≥5- <85) | (≥85- <95) and Obese (≥95) | Lower | Upper | |||||||
| a. Meat/poultry/fish | ≤ 2 times/week | 25 (19.2%) | 105 (80.8%) | <0.05* | −0.270 | <0.05* | <0.05* | 0.478 | 0.358 | 0.637 |
| 3–6 times/week | 40 (31.5%) | 87 (68.5%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 57 (50.9%) | 55 (49.1%) | ||||||||
| b. Carbohydrates | ≤ 2 times/week | 7 (26.9%) | 19 (73.1%) | 0.251 | 0.046 | 0.383 | 0.548 | 1.116 | .779 | 1.600 |
| 3–6 times/week | 30 (41.1%) | 43 (58.9%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 85 (31.5%) | 185 (68.5%) | ||||||||
| c. Fresh fruits and vegetables | ≤ 2 times/week | 6 (6.3%) | 90 (93.7%) | <0.05* | −0.395 | <0.05* | <0.05* | .280 | .195 | .403 |
| 3–6 times/week | 20 (25%) | 60 (75%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 96 (49.7%) | 97 (50.3%) | ||||||||
| d. Legumes (fava beans/ hommos) | ≤ 2 times/week | 65 (39.6%) | 99 (60.4%) | <0.05* | 0.164 | 0.002* | 0.002* | 1.502 | 1.167 | 1.931 |
| 3–6 times/week | 28 (38.9%) | 44 (61.1%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 29 (21.8%) | 104 (78.2%) | ||||||||
| e. Sweetened cereals/ belela | ≤ 2 times/week | 80 (34.9%) | 149 (65.1%) | <0.05* | 0.084 | 0.107 | 0.051 | 1.299 | .998 | 1.689 |
| 3–6 times/week | 21 (47.7%) | 23 (52.3%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 21 (21.9%) | 75 (78.1%) | ||||||||
| f. Dairy products unsweetened milk/ cheese/ yoghurt | ≤ 2 times/week | 26 (30.6%) | 59 (69.4%) | <0.05* | −0.035 | 0.500 | 0.537 | .920 | .706 | 1.199 |
| 3–6 times/week | 21 (31.8%) | 45 (68.2%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 75 (34.4%) | 143 (65.6%) | ||||||||
| g. Sweetened milk | ≤ 2 times/week | 70 (38.3%) | 113 (61.7%) | <0.05* | 0.092 | 0.076 | 0.094 | 1.231 | 0.966 | 1.568 |
| 3–6 times/week | 13 (24.1%) | 41 (75.9%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 39 (29.5%) | 93 (70.5%) | ||||||||
| h. Dairy ice cream | ≤ 2 times/week | 88 (37.6%) | 146 (62.4%) | <0.05* | 0.142 | 0.006* | 0.005* | 1.564 | 1.147 | 2.133 |
| 3–6 times/week | 22 (30.9%) | 49 (69.0%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 12 (18.7%) | 52 (81.3%) | ||||||||
| i. Soft drinks | ≤ 2 times/week 67 (63.8%) | 98 (40.3%) | 145 (59.7%) | <0.05* | 0.265 | <0.05* | <0.05* | 2.700 | 1.862 | 3.916 |
| 3–6 times/week 15 (14.3%) | 23 (46%) | 27 (54%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 1 (1.3%) | 75 (98.7%) | ||||||||
| j. Sweetened juice | ≤ 2 times/week | 64 (36.6%) | 111 (63.4%) | <0.05* | 0.079 | 0.129 | 0.594 | 1.306 | 0.944 | 1.583 |
| 3–6 times/week | 28 (32.6%) | 58 (67.4%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 30 (27.8%) | 78 (72.2%) | ||||||||
| h. Granulated sugars | ≤ 2 times/week | 99 (36.7%) | 171 (63.3%) | <0.05* | 0.148 | 0.004* | 0.001* | 1.675 | 1.221 | 2.299 |
| 3–6 times/week | 13 (46.4%) | 15 (53.6%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 10 (14.1%) | 61 (85.9%) | ||||||||
| i. Candies (sticky or not) | ≤ 2 times/week | 39 (31.7%) | 84 (68.3%) | <0.05* | 0.006 | 0.901 | 0.902 | 1.016 | 0.795 | 1.297 |
| 3–6 times/week | 26 (38.8%) | 41 (61.2%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 57 (31.8%) | 122 (68.2%) | ||||||||
| j. Halawa/ honey | ≤ 2 times/week | 66 (32.7%) | 136 (67.3%) | <0.05* | 0.021 | 0.690 | 0.544 | 1.080 | 0.842 | 1.386 |
| 3–6 times/week | 26 (43.3%) | 34 (56.7%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 30 (28.0%) | 77 (72%) | ||||||||
| k. Crackers (biscuits/ chips) | ≤ 2 times/week | 26 (32.5%) | 54 (67.5%) | <0.05* | 0.044 | 0.405 | 0.517 | 1.091 | 0.839 | 1.419 |
| 3–6 times/week | 26 (41.9%) | 36 (58.1%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 70 (30.8%) | 157 (69.2%) | ||||||||
| l. Doughnuts/ sweetened pies/ baklawa/ basbosa/ konafa | ≤ 2 times/week | 91 (36.4%) | 159 (63.6%) | <0.05* | 0.108 | 0.038* | 0.039* | 1.399 | 1.017 | 1.925 |
| 3–6 times/week | 19 (28.8%) | 47 (71.2%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 12 (22.6%) | 41 (77.4%) | ||||||||
| m. Fast food | ≤ 2 times/week | 94 (38.5%) | 150 (61.5%) | <0.05* | 0.191 | <0.05* | <0.05* | 2.008 | 1.411 | 2.856 |
| 3–6 times/week | 23 (34.3%) | 44 (65.7%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 5 (8.6%) | 53 (91.4%) | ||||||||
| n. Chocolate | ≤ 2 times/week | 47 (28.8%) | 116 (71.2%) | <0.05* | −0.035 | 0.502 | 0.587 | .935 | .733 | 1.192 |
| 3–6 times/week | 32 (45.7%) | 38 (54.3%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 43 (31.6%) | 93 (68.4%) | ||||||||
| o. Caffeinated drinks (coffee, tea) | ≤ 2 times/week | 102 (38.1%) | 166 (61.9%) | <0.05* | 0.178 | 0.001* | <0.05* | 1.726 | 1.252 | 2.381 |
| 3–6 times/week | 8 (25.8%) | 23 (74.2%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day | 12 (17.1%) | 58 (82.9%) | ||||||||
*
Statistically significant.