Table 7.
Correlation between deft index and frequency of intake of different food items (Total number 264).
| Dietary habits | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | M-W test | Correlation | Logistic regression | ||||||||
| deft = 0 | deft = 1–3 | deft > 4 | p -value | rho | p -value | p -value | OR | 95%CI for OR | |||
| 33 (12.5%) | 86 (32.57%) | 145 (54.92%) | Lower | Upper | |||||||
| a. Meat/poultry/fish | ≤ 2 times/week 93 (35.2%) | 6 (6.4%) | 29 (31.2%) | 58 (62.4%) | <0.05* | −0.186 | 0.002* | <0.05* | 0.584 | 0.429 | 0.795 |
| 3–6 times/week 94 (35.6%) | 11 (11.7%) | 28 (29.8%) | 55 (58.5%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 77 (29.2%) | 16 (20.8%) | 29 (37.6%) | 32 (41.6%) | ||||||||
| b. Carbohydrates | ≤ 2 times/week 22 (8.3%) | 6 (27.3%) | 6 (27.3%) | 10 (45.4%) | 0.001* | 0.002 | 0.973 | 0.983 | 0.996 | 0.680 | 1.458 |
| 3–6 times/week 59 (22.4%) | 3 (5.1%) | 21 (35.6%) | 35 (59.3%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 183 (69.3%) | 24 (13.2%) | 59 (32.2%) | 100 (54.6%) | ||||||||
| c. Fresh fruits and vegetables | ≤ 2 times/week 77 (29.2%) | 7 (9.1%) | 21 (27.3%) | 49 (63.7%) | 0.010* | −0.172 | 0.005* | 0.002* | 0.632 | 0.472 | 0.846 |
| 3–6 times/week 55 (20.8%) | 2 (3.6%) | 19 (34.6%) | 34 (61.8%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 132 (50%) | 24 (18.2%) | 46 (34.8%) | 62 (47%) | ||||||||
| d. Legumes (fava beans/ hommos) | ≤ 2 times/week 117 (44.3%) | 18 (15.4%) | 41 (35.0%) | 58 (49.6%) | <0.05* | 0.110 | 0.073 | 0.081 | 1.274 | 0.971 | 1.672 |
| 3–6 times/week 52 (19.7%) | 6 (11.5%) | 17 (32.7%) | 29 (55.8%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 95 (36%) | 9 (9.5%) | 28 (29.5%) | 58 (61.0%) | ||||||||
| e. Sweetened cereals/ belela | ≤ 2 times/week 167 (63.3%) | 21 (12.6%) | 55 (32.9%) | 91 (54.5%) | <0.05* | 0.022 | 0.726 | 0.485 | 1.103 | 0.837 | 1.453 |
| 3–6 times/week 27 (10.3%) | 4 (14.8%) | 10 (37.0%) | 13 (48.2%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 70 (26.5%) | 8 (11.4%) | 21 (30.0%) | 41 (58.6%) | ||||||||
| f. Dairy products un sweetened milk/ cheese/ yogurt | ≤ 2 times/week 62 (23.4%) | 4 (6.5%) | 23 (37.1%) | 35 (56.5%) | 0.828 | −0.073 | 0.237 | 0.105 | 0.786 | 0.588 | 1.051 |
| 3–6 times/week 45 (17.1%) | 4 (8.9%) | 14 (31.1%) | 27 (60.0 %) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 157 (59.5%) | 25 (15.9%) | 49 (31.2%) | 83 (52.9%) | ||||||||
| g. Sweetened milk | ≤ 2 times/week 125 (47.4%) | 24 (19.2%) | 43 (34.4%) | 58 (46.4%) | <0.05* | 0.185 | 0.003* | 0.005* | 1.468 | 1.126 | 1.913 |
| 3–6 times/week 36 (13.6%) | 4 (11.1%) | 9 (25.0%) | 23 (63.9%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 103 (39.0%) | 5 (4.9%) | 34 (33.0%) | 64 (62.1%) | ||||||||
| h. Dairy ice cream | ≤ 2 times/week 158 (59.9%) | 24 (15.2%) | 58 (36.7%) | 76 (48.1%) | <0.05* | 0.182 | 0.003* | 0.005* | 1.586 | 1.149 | 2.191 |
| 3–6 times/week 55 (20.8%) | 6 (10.9%) | 16 (29.1%) | 33 (60.0%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 51 (19.39%) | 3 (5.9%) | 12 (23.5%) | 36 (70.6%) | ||||||||
| i. Soft drinks | ≤ 2 times/week 176 (66.97%) | 25 (14.2%) | 60 (34.1%) | 91 (51.7%) | <0.05* | 0.118 | 0.055 | 0.003* | 1.617 | 1.172 | 2.232 |
| 3–6 times/week 35 (13.3%) | 4 (11.4%) | 14 (40.0%) | 17 (48.6%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 53 (20%) | 4 (7.6%) | 12 (22.6%) | 37 (69.8%) | ||||||||
| j. Sweetened juice | ≤ 2 times/week 129 (48.9%) | 21 (16.3%) | 47 (36.4%) | 61 (47.3%) | <0.05* | 0.122 | 0.048* | 0.075 | 1.297 | 0.974 | 1.728 |
| 3–6 times/week 59 (22.4%) | 3 (5.1%) | 16 (27.1%) | 40 (67.8%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 76 (28.8%) | 9 (11.8%) | 23 (30.3%) | 44 (57.9%) | ||||||||
| k. Granulated sugars | ≤ 2 times/week 198 (75 %) | 26 (13.1%) | 69 (34.9%) | 103 (52.0%) | <0.05* | 0.096 | 0.120 | 0.096 | 1.317 | 0.952 | 1.821 |
| 3–6 times/week 18 (6.8%) | 2 (11.1%) | 5 (27.8%) | 11 (61.1%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 48 (18.2%) | 5 (10.4%) | 12 (25.0%) | 31 (64.6%) | ||||||||
| l. Candies (sticky or not) | ≤ 2 times/week 98 (37.1%) | 13 (13.3%) | 40 (40.8%) | 45 (45.9%) | <0.05* | 0.141 | 0.021* | 0.031* | 1.340 | 1.027 | 1.750 |
| 3–6 times/week 47 (17.8%) | 7 (14.9%) | 15 (31.2%) | 25 (53.2%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 119 (45.1%) | 13 (10.9%) | 31 (26.1%) | 75 (63.0 %) | ||||||||
| m. Halawa/ honey | ≤ 2 times/week 148 (56.1%) | 20 (13.5%) | 48 (32.4%) | 80 (54.1%) | <0.05* | 0.013 | 0.833 | 0.844 | 0.973 | 0.744 | 1.273 |
| 3–6 times/week 39 (14.8%) | 6 (15.4%) | 8 (20.5%) | 25 (64.1%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 77 (29.1%) | 7 (9.1%) | 30 (39%) | 40 (51.9%) | ||||||||
| n. Crackers (biscuits/ chips) | ≤ 2 times/week 56 (21.2%) | 7 (12.5%) | 24 (42.9%) | 25 (44.6%) | 0.702 | 0.141 | 0.022* | 0.035* | 1.364 | 1.022 | 1.821 |
| 3–6 times/week 46 (17.4%) | 8 (17.4%) | 17 (37%) | 21 (45.6%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 162 (61.4%) | 18 (11.1%) | 45 (27.8%) | 99 (61.1%) | ||||||||
| o. Cakes/ doughnuts/ sweetened pies/ baklawa/ basbosa/ konafa | ≤ 2 times/week 180 (68.2%) | 23 (12.8%) | 60 (33.3%) | 97 (53.9%) | <0.05* | 0.051 | 0.411 | 0.165 | 1.285 | 0.902 | 1.830 |
| 3–6 times/week 51 (19.3%) | 6 (11.7%) | 21 (41.2%) | 24 (47.1%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 33 (12.5%) | 4 (12.1%) | 5 (15.2%) | 24 (72.7%) | ||||||||
| p. Fast food | ≤ 2 times/week 168 (63.6%) | 20 (11.9%) | 58 (34.5%) | 90 (53.6%) | <0.05* | 0.026 | 0.670 | 0.315 | 1.178 | 0.856 | 1.622 |
| 3–6 times/week 50 (18.9%) | 5 (10.0%) | 18 (36.0%) | 27 (54.0%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 46 (17.4%) | 8 (17.4%) | 10 (21.7%) | 28 (60.9%) | ||||||||
| q. Chocolate | ≤ 2 times/week 122 (46.2%) | 14 (11.5%) | 47 (38.5%) | 61 (50.0%) | <0.05* | 0.063 | 0.308 | 0.531 | 1.092 | 0.829 | 1.438 |
| 3–6 times/week 52 (19.7%) | 5 (9.6%) | 17 (32.7%) | 30 (57.7%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 90 (34.1%) | 14 (15.6%) | 22 (24.4%) | 54 (60.0%) | ||||||||
| r. Caffeinated drinks (coffee, tea) | ≤ 2 times/week 196 (74.2%) | 25 (12.8%) | 68 (34.7%) | 103 (52.5%) | <0.05* | 0.084 | 0.175 | 0.069 | 1.348 | 0.978 | 1.858 |
| 3–6 times/week 21 (8%) | 5 (23.8%) | 5 (23.8%) | 11 (52.4%) | ||||||||
| 1–6 times/day 47 (17.8%) | 3 (6.4%) | 13 (27.7%) | 31 (65.9%) | ||||||||
*
Statistically significant.