Figure 6.

Effects of cranberry polyphenols (CP) and agavins (AG) in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune markers in HFHS-diet induced obese mice. An analysis of the expression profile of 84 genes associated with adaptive and innate immunity was performed in colon samples by microarray technology (Qiagen #330231 PAMM-052ZA). Mice were fed either a chow diet (CT) or high-fat high-sugar diet (HF); mice on an HF diet were supplemented with CP (HF+CP), AG (HF+AG), or the combination of both CP+AG (HF+CP+AG) for 9 weeks. Fold change of the panel of genes expressed in (A) HF relative to CT; (B) HF+CP relative to HF; (C) HF+AG relative to HF; and (D) HF+CP+AG relative to HF. The control HFHS group is displayed as a dotted line normalized to 1.0. Fold change to the right of the dotted line represents upregulation, and fold change to the left of the dotted line represents downregulation. Fold change was calculated using the ΔΔCt method; each gene was normalized to the expression level of the reference genes: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), glucuronidase beta (Gusb), and heat shock protein 90 alpha (cytosolic), class B member 1 (Hsp90ab1). Two-way ANOVA was performed to calculate the significance of the differences between groups. *p <  0.05, **p <  0.01, ***p <  0.005, ****p < 0.0001.