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. 2022 Aug 30;7:300. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01152-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — RNF proteins orchestrate the adaptive immune responses. After the innate immune responses, the DCs are activated by IFNs-induced cytokines and chemokines and then efficiently present the antigens to naive T cells via a combination of MHC and TCR. Naive T cells differentiate into several subtypes with unique functions in triggering and regulating T-cell-dependent cellular immune responses and B-cell-mediated antibody secretion