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. 2022 Jul 31;14(7):e27500. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27500

Table 3. General characteristics of selected studies, level of evidence and grade of recommendation.

L – Left, R – Right, Y – years, M – months, O – Open, E – Endoscopic; AOFAS - American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score; VISA-A - Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment – Achilles Questionnaire; VAS - Visual analogue scale; FFI – foot function index

Schneider et al. [14]; van Dijk et al. [8]; Yodlowski et al. [15]; Leitze et al. [4]; Scholten et al. [2]; Jerosch et al. [9]; Ortmann and McBryde [16]; Anderson et al. [17]; Wu et al. [3]; Kondreddi et al. [6]; Kaynak et al. [18]; Natarajan et al. [19]; Jiang et al. [20]; Xia et al. [5]; Yan et al. [21]; Yasin et al. [22]; Ge et al. [23]; Pi et al. [10]; Tourne et al. [7]; Cusumano et al. [24]

  S/n Main Author Year Country Number of Patients Gender Number of procedures Type of Procedure Side Mean Age (years) Follow up range (months) Scores Study Design Level of Evidence Grade of Recommendation
1 Schneider et al. 2000 Austria 36 13 M 23 F 49 O L 25 R 24 54.5 (15-70) 4 y 7m (1-11y) AOFAS Retrospective case series IV C
2 van Dijk et al. 2001 Netherlands 20 10 M 10 F 21 E L 10 R 11 33.2 (16-50) 3.9 y (2-6.5y) Ogilve Harris score Retrospective case series IV C
3 Yodlowski et al. 2002 USA 35 25 M 10 F 41 O (-) 54 (18-83) 39 Pain scale (0-6) Retrospective cohort study III B
4 Leitze et al. 2003 USA 44 14 M 30 F 50 O, E (-) 50 (15-79) 28 (6-52) AOFAS, University of Maryland Prospective cohort study II B
5 Scholten et al. 2006 Netherlands 36 20 M 16 F 39 E L 18 R 21 35 (16-50) 4.5y (2-7.5y) Ogilve Harris score Retrospective case series IV C
6 Jerosch et al. 2007 Germany 81 40 M 41 F 81 E (-) 25-55 35.3 (12-72) Ogilve Harris score Retrospective case series IV C
7 Ortmann and McBryde 2007 USA 30 14 M 16 F 32 E L 17 R 15 51 (22-75) 35 (3-62) AOFAS Retrospective case series IV C
8 Anderson et al. 2008 USA 62 22 M 40 F 66 O (-) 50.5 (19-82) 35 (12-109) AOFAS, Short form-36 Retrospective controlled study III B
9 Wu et al. 2012 China 23 6 M 17 F 25 E (-) 27.7 (17-41) 41 (30-59) AOFAS, Ogilve Harris score Retrospective case series IV C
10 Kondreddi et al. 2012 India 23 9 M 14 F 25 E (-) 51.4 (38-66) 16.4 (12-30) AOFAS, University of Maryland Prospective case series II B
11 Kaynak et al. 2013 Turkey 28 18 M 10 F 30 E (-) 37 (19-64) 58.4 (24-75) AOFAS Retrospective case series IV C
12 Natarajan et al. 2015 India 40 12 M 28 F 46 O (-) 44 (38-50) 13 (12-15) AOFAS Retrospective case series IV C
13 Jiang et al. 2016 China 32 11 M 21 F 32 O L 15 R 17 51.4 (21-68) 42 (24-60) AOFAS, VISA-A, Arner-Lindholm Retrospective controlled study III B
14 Xia et al. 2017 Singapore 22 10 M 12 F 22 O L 11 R 11 59.3 (47-77) 15.1 (12-26) AOFAS, VAS Pain, Short form-36 Retrospective case series IV C
15 Yan et al. 2020 China 20 8M 12 F 20 O (-) 40 (27-57) 32 AOFAS, VAS Pain, Arner-Lindholm Retrospective case series IV C
16 Yasin et al. 2020 Turkey 27 13 M 14 F 27 O L 13 R 14 47 ± 8 (31-61) 31 ± 5 (21-29) AOFAS, VAS Pain Retrospective case series IV C
17 Ge et al. 2020 China 44 35 M 9 F 44 O L 21 R 23 35.5 (18-63) 76 (40-120) AOFAS, VISA-A Retrospective case series IV C
18 Pi et al. 2021 China 47 36 M 11 F 47 O, E (-) 37 ± 12 38 ±18 AOFAS, VAS Pain, FFI, Tegner score, ankle activity score, short form-36 Retrospective cohort study III B
19 Tourne et al. 2021 France 50 35 M 15 F 50 O (-) 54 (26-67) 7y (3-10y) AOFAS, VISA-A, Tegner score Retrospective cohort study III B
20 Cusumano et al. 2021 Italy 54 31 M 23 F 54 O, E (-) 49 ± 9 53.8 ± 24 AOFAS, VAS, FFI Retrospective case series IV C