Table 2.
Meta-analysis summary of comorbidities and complications for COVID-19 by ICU admission vs. non-ICU admission.
| OR (95% CI) | I 2 | p-Value | Number of studies | Number of participants | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 2.30 (1.77–3.01) | 18.9% | <0.0001 | 10 | 3,003 |
| Diabetes | 2.20 (1.35–3.59) | 58.7% | 0.0016 | 10 | 3,003 |
| Malignancy | 4.11 (1.73–9.77) | 42.8% | 0.0014 | 5 | 1,743 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 3.35 (2.30–4.86) | 0.0% | <0.0001 | 6 | 2,158 |
| Chronic heart disease | 0.58 (0.07–4.67) | NR | 0.6046 | 1 | 200 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.04 (0.43–9.59) | NR | 0.3672 | 1 | 416 |
| Coronary heart disease | 4.91 (1.35–17.79) | NR | 0.0155 | 1 | 135 |
| Myocardial infarction | 0.94 (0.04–20.23) | NR | 0.9687 | 1 | 135 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 10.73 (0.43–270.28) | NR | 0.1495 | 1 | 135 |
| Stroke | 7.65 (1.58–36.92) | NR | 0.0113 | 1 | 135 |
| Chronic lung disease | 2.89 (0.39–21.21) | 80.8% | 0.2968 | 2 | 1,291 |
| COPD | 4.94 (1.00–24.38) | 0.0% | 0.0497 | 2 | 554 |
| Tuberculosis | 0.62 (0.04–10.95) | NR | 0.7434 | 1 | 416 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3.24 (0.93–11.30) | 0.0% | 0.0653 | 4 | 870 |
| Chronic liver disease | 0.82 (0.18–3.67) | 0.0% | 0.7982 | 4 | 952 |
| Gout | 1.14 (0.05–28.75) | NR | 0.9357 | 1 | 135 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5.05 (0.30–83.75) | NR | 0.2588 | 1 | 135 |
| Thyroid disease | 1.35 (0.23–8.09) | 0.0% | 0.7399 | 2 | 333 |
| HIV infection | 0.55 (0.03–11.74) | NR | 0.7024 | 1 | 138 |
| Complications | |||||
| Acute cardiac injury | 33.85 (17.88–64.08) | 0.0% | <0.0001 | 3 | 754 |
| Arrhythmia | 10.86 (3.95–29.83) | NR | <0.0001 | 1 | 138 |
| Myocardial infarction | 11.18 (0.68–182.68) | NR | 0.0904 | 1 | 416 |
| ARDS | 34.49 (16.23–73.28) | 0.0% | <0.0001 | 2 | 338 |
| Acute kidney injury | 10.17 (4.83–21.40) | 0.0% | <0.0001 | 3 | 510 |
| Liver injury | 4.83 (1.80–13.01) | NR | 0.0018 | 1 | 172 |
| Bacterial infection | 2.92 (1.11–7.68) | NR | 0.0297 | 1 | 172 |
| Secondary infection | 4.88 (1.43–16.62) | NR | 0.0112 | 1 | 200 |
| MODS | 7.71 (3.29–18.07) | NR | <0.0001 | 1 | 113 |
| Shock | 54.34 (12.47–236.89) | 0.0% | <0.0001 | 3 | 510 |
I2 values were NR, only one study was available.
NR, not reportable; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.