Table 3.
Meta-analysis summary of comorbidities and complications for COVID-19 by progressive vs. non-progressive.
| OR (95% CI) | I 2 | p-Value | Number of studies | Number of participants | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 2.09 (1.54–2.83) | 63.0% | <0.0001 | 14 | 5,301 |
| Diabetes | 1.82 (1.23–2.70) | 63.0% | 0.0029 | 13 | 4,936 |
| Malignancy | 1.85 (1.17–2.93) | 0.0% | 0.008 | 11 | 4,384 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 3.16 (2.15–4.65) | 16.8% | <0.0001 | 6 | 2,721 |
| Chronic heart disease | 1.41 (0.83–2.41) | NR | 0.2009 | 1 | 1,102 |
| Coronary heart disease | 1.81 (0.94–3.46) | 42.2% | 0.0752 | 4 | 1,167 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.18 (1.47–6.88) | 0.0% | 0.0032 | 6 | 1,587 |
| Stroke | 3.39 (1.74–6.61) | NR | 0.0004 | 1 | 1,102 |
| Chronic lung disease | 2.25 (1.10–4.60) | 0.0% | 0.027 | 3 | 722 |
| COPD | 2.27 (1.41–3.63) | 3.0% | 0.0007 | 9 | 3,447 |
| Respiratory disease | 1.90 (1.16–3.10) | 0.0% | 0.0109 | 3 | 1,998 |
| Tuberculosis | 2.45 (0.84–7.13) | NR | 0.1 | 1 | 1,102 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2.44 (1.13–5.30) | 22.0% | 0.0238 | 7 | 2,694 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1.30 (0.71–2.38) | 0.0% | 0.404 | 6 | 2,223 |
| Cirrhosis | 0.58 (0.03–11.36) | NR | 0.7192 | 1 | 323 |
| Fatty liver | 2.33 (0.78–7.00) | NR | 0.1309 | 1 | 104 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 1.11 (0.52–2.36) | NR | 0.7802 | 1 | 663 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.59 (0.12–2.79) | NR | 0.5013 | 1 | 114 |
| Autoimmune disease | 5.10 (2.13–12.19) | 0.0% | 0.0003 | 2 | 1,310 |
| Nervous system disease | 3.47 (1.71–7.06) | 0.0% | 0.0006 | 3 | 893 |
| Complications | |||||
| Acute cardiac injury | 42.83 (12.24–149.94) | NR | <0.0001 | 1 | 323 |
| Arrhythmia | 12.61 (7.19–22.12) | 0.0% | <0.0001 | 2 | 437 |
| Myocardial injury | 18.69 (5.81–60.19) | NR | <0.0001 | 1 | 114 |
| ARDS | 45.05 (6.13–331.08) | 57.5% | 0.0002 | 3 | 541 |
| Respiratory injury | 8.44 (4.57–15.59) | NR | <0.0001 | 1 | 323 |
| Acute kidney injury | 13.29 (4.53–38.98) | 40.3% | <0.0001 | 2 | 437 |
| Liver injury | 0.97 (0.36–2.61) | NR | 0.9577 | 1 | 114 |
| Bacterial infection | 5.33 (1.58–18.05) | NR | 0.0071 | 1 | 104 |
| DIC | 85.43 (16.00–456.24) | NR | <0.0001 | 1 | 114 |
| Shock | 43.31 (18.96–98.94) | 0.0% | <0.0001 | 2 | 437 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 37.64 (7.19–196.93) | NR | <0.0001 | 1 | 114 |
I2 values were NR, only one study was available.
NR, not reportable; OR, odds ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation.