Table 1.
Assessment of cardiac structure and function using conventional echocardiography.
| Variables | Sham | MI/HF− | MI/HF+ |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 15) | (n = 12) | (n = 23) | |
| Diastolic echocardiographic data used for cluster analysis | |||
| E (cm/s) | 82.31 ± 4.01 | 77.14 ± 2.93 | 111.15 ± 15.64***†††† |
| E/A | 1.52 ± 0.15 | 1.14 ± 0.09* | 4.55 ± 1.06**†††† |
| IVRT (ms) | 23.80 ± 2.95 | 34.25 ± 3.02*** | 22.43 ± 4.57†††† |
| Other diastolic echocardiographic data | |||
| A (cm/s) | 54.65 ± 6.24 | 67.64 ± 3.59 | 26.13 ± 8.85***†††† |
| Septal s' (cm/s) | 4.25 ± 0.77 | 3.95 ± 0.68 | 2.85 ± 0.41****††† |
| Septal e' (cm/s) | 5.58 ± 1.14 | 4.77 ± 0.86 | 4.00 ± 0.57*** |
| Septal a' (cm/s) | 4.07 ± 0.95 | 3.86 ± 0.71 | 5.27 ± 0.99**††† |
| Septal e'/a' (cm/s) | 1.39 ± 0.16 | 1.24 ± 0.17 | 0.78 ± 0.15****††† |
| E/Septal e' (cm/s) | 15.36 ± 3.24 | 16.75 ± 3.53 | 28.64 ± 7.27****††† |
| Lateral s' (cm/s) | 5.02 ± 0.61 | 4.48 ± 0.47 | 3.85 ± 0.46****† |
| Lateral e' (cm/s) | 5.98 ± 0.99 | 5.12 ± 0.75 | 4.61 ± 0.66*** |
| Lateral a' (cm/s) | 4.97 ± 1.13 | 4.21 ± 0.69 | 6.21 ± 0.95*†††† |
| Lateral e'/a' (cm/s) | 1.23 ± 0.18 | 1.22 ± 0.09 | 0.76 ± 0.18****†††† |
| E/Lateral e' (cm/s) | 14.14 ± 2.50 | 15.42 ± 2.67 | 24.69 ± 5.51****††† |
| E/e' | 14.75 ± 2.80 | 16.08 ± 3.04 | 26.66 ± 6.20****††† |
| Echocardiographic data used for cluster analysis | |||
| LVIDd (mm) | 8.31 ± 0.70 | 10.59 ± 0.48* | 11.46 ± 0.53***† |
| LVIDd/BW (mm/kg) | 15.37 ± 2.58 | 20.86 ± 1.22* | 25.76 ± 3.22***† |
| LVIDs (mm) | 5.01 ± 0.50 | 8.02 ± 0.64* | 9.45 ± 0.85****†† |
| EF (%) | 80.10 ± 3.25 | 59.03 ± 5.68** | 46.55 ± 11.06**** |
| FS (%) | 41.96 ± 3.38 | 25.89 ± 3.48** | 19.23 ± 5.72**** |
| LA/Ao | 1.54 ± 0.19 | 1.90 ± 0.17* | 2.45 ± 0.34**** |
| LA/BW (mm/kg) | 9.77 ± 1.24 | 14.59 ± 0.78* | 19.53 ± 2.53****†† |
Data are means ± SD. n, number of animals; Sham, Sham-operated animals; MI/HF–, animals with myocardial infarction and no heart failure; MI/HF+, animals with myocardial infarction and heart failure; BW, body weight; LVIDd, left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole; LVIDd/BW, left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole to body weight ratio; LVIDs, left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; LA/Ao, left atrium to aorta ratio; LA/BW, left atrium to body weight ratio; E, early diastolic transmitral flow velocity; A, late diastolic transmitral flow velocity; E/A, early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocities ratio; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; s', left ventricular wall velocity at systole; e', left ventricular wall velocity at early diastole; a', left ventricular wall velocity at late diastole; e'/a', early to late diastolic velocity of the left ventricular wall; E/é, early diastolic velocity mitralis to the early diastolic velocity of the LV wall ratio. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, and **** p <0.0001 vs. Sham; †p <0.05, ††p <0.01, †††p <0.001, and †††p <0.0001 vs. MI/HF–.