Table 1.

Module states and corresponding switch states and module output voltage

Module state	Transistor switch state				Module output
	Q i1	Q i2	Q i3	Q i4	V i
0	Off	Off	Off	Off	{−VCi, 0, VCi}
1	On	Off	On	Off	V Ci,
2	Off	On	Off	On	−VCi
3	On	Off	Off	On	0 (bypass)
4	Off	On	On	Off	0 (bypass)
5	Off	On	Off	Off	{−VCi, 0}
6	Off	Off	On	Off	{0, VCi}
7	On	Off	Off	Off	{0, VCi}
8	Off	Off	Off	On	{−VCi, 0}