Table 1.
Interaction of HPV infection and the oncogenic potential risk on the variables of HIV-positive women.
| Variables | HPV infection |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (%) | Negative (%) | RR (IC 95%) | |
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–24 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 0.71 (0.06–8.54) |
| 25–30 | 5.9 | 18.8 | 0.23 (0.05–0.97) |
| 31–35 | 17.6 | 15.6 | 0.86 (0.25–2.88) |
| 36–39 | 16.2 | 18.8 | 0.65(0.20–2.11) |
| 40–45 | 57.4 | 43.8 | 1 |
| p = 0.342 | |||
| Skin color | |||
| White | 55.9 | 40.6 | 2.02 (0.82–4.99) |
| Non-white | 44.1 | 59.4 | 1 |
| p = 0.155 | |||
| Schooling (years) | |||
| >5 | 23.1 | 13.3 | 2.43 (0.66–8.99) |
| 5–8 | 46.2 | 43.3 | 1.50 (0.57–3.89) |
| >8 | 30.8 | 43.3 | 1 |
| p = 0.378 | |||
| Marital status | |||
| Married/consensual union | 63.2 | 68.8 | 1 |
| Single | 22.1 | 18.8 | 0.99 (0.26–3.78) |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 14.7 | 12.5 | 1.35 (0.27–6.67) |
| p = 0.865 | |||
| Per capita income (minimum wages) | |||
| 0–1 | 96.5 | 96.8 | 0.91 (0.80–10.53) |
| 2 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 1 |
| p = 0.944 | |||
| Family income (minimum wages) | |||
| Up to 1 | 29.8 | 32.3 | 0.18 (0.02–1.72) |
| Up to 2 | 33.3 | 45.2 | 0.15 (0.01–1.33) |
| Up to 3 | 21.1 | 19.4 | 0.22 (0.02–2.18) |
| Over 4 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 1 |
| p = 0.307 | |||
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| Current smoker | 41.2 | 38.7 | 0.90(0.37–2.15) |
| No-smoker | 58.8 | 61.3 | 1 |
| p = 0.817 | |||
| Alcohol consume (last 4 weeks) | |||
| At least once a week | 17.6 | 25.0 | 0.75 (0.26–2.12) |
| Less than once a week | 23.5 | 12.5 | 2.00 (0.59–6.77) |
| Never | 58.8 | 62.5 | 1 |
| p = 0.375 | |||
| Use of condom (last sexual activity) | |||
| Yes | 62.7 | 65.6 | 1 |
| No | 37.3 | 34.4 | 0.88(0.36–2.12) |
| p = 0.776 | |||
| Sexual activity began (years) | |||
| <15 | 51.5 | 65.6 | 1.71 (0.47–6.19) |
| 16–18 | 38.2 | 15.6 | 5.19 (1.16–23.17) |
| ≥19 | 10.3 | 18.8 | 1 |
| p = 0.062 | |||
| Sexual partners (in life) | |||
| Up to 1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 1 |
| 2–4 | 39.4 | 25.0 | 1.07 (0.90–12.94) |
| 5–8 | 18.2 | 28.1 | 1.75 (0.62–4.87) |
| ≥9 | 39.4 | 43.8 | 0.71 (0.24–2.11) |
| p = 0.497 | |||
| Give/received drugs and/or money for sex | |||
| Yes | 80.0 | 20.0 | 1.93 (0.20–18.07) |
| No | 67.4 | 32.6 | 1 |
| p = 0.555 | |||
| Last Pap test | |||
| Never | 8.6 | 13.3 | 0.25 (0.03–1.86) |
| <3 years | 70.7 | 76.7 | 1 |
| >3 years | 20.7 | 10.0 | 0.35 (0.07–1.76) |
| Do not remember | 14.7 | 6.2 | 0.80 (0.11–5.77) |
| p = 0.336 | |||
| Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) | |||
| Positive | 10.4 | 6.7 | 1.63 (0.31–8.37) |
| Negative | 89.6 | 93.3 | 1 |
| p = 0.553 | |||
| Visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) | |||
| Positive | 10.4 | 6.7 | 1.63 (0.31–8.37) |
| Negative | 89.6 | 93.3 | 1 |
| p = 0.553 | |||
| Pap test results | |||
| Normal | 60.7 | 65.5 | 1 |
| Inflammatory | 31.1 | 27.6 | 0.77 (0.13–4.39) |
| Altered | 8.2 | 6.9 | 0.95 (0.15–5.95) |
| p = 0.905 | |||
| CD4 counting cells (cells/mm3) | |||
| <350 | 25.4 | 20.0 | 0.73 (0.25–2.10) |
| >350 | 76.3 | 80.0 | 1 |
| p = 0.565 | |||